雍正皇帝在位期間，飽受流言困擾。流言的產生，主要是因康熙皇帝晚年的皇位繼承權之爭，有來自社會輿論的質疑，更有雍正皇帝主動揭露的酗酒、嚴刻、好抄家等針對個人行為或性格的指控。面對種種不利於己的言論，雍正皇帝一概斥之為惡意捏造的假訊息，並將他所認定的散布者列為打擊對象。他對流言的處理，是從被動應對到主動澄清，並隨著統治權的穩固，欲打擊的幕後敵人也從允禩集團的外圍份子轉為核心成員；同時，透過編輯《上諭內閣》、《大義覺迷錄》，並下令定期宣講，達到反覆宣傳的作用。然而，不論流言對當事人的傷害程度如何，在資料留存的限制下，有難以追查、無法確定的問題；在史料解讀的影響下，又極易陷入判定真假、各說各話的困境。因此，本文擬借用社會科學探究流言的方法，以攻擊雍正皇帝酗酒、嚴刻、好抄家的流言為例，分就流言生成及其傳播途徑、雍正皇帝對流言的駁斥、流言與雍正皇帝的治術三方面，分析雍正皇帝操作流言以達到鞏固統治目的的過程。

During his reign, the Yongzheng emperor had been very much bothered by rumors about him. Such a situation occurred mainly because of the disputes over succession that occurred late in the reign of his predecessor, the Kangxi emperor, and the distrust that came from public opinion. There were also accusations against his personal behavior or character such as alcoholism, harsh strictness, and a tendency to confiscate homes that Yongzheng took the initiative to expose and repudiate. Faced with all kinds of unfavorable remarks, Yongzheng denounced them as malicious and fabricated disinformation and identified the spreaders as targets for attack. His handling of such rumors changed from a passive response to proactive clarification. As his rule became more stable, the enemies he wanted to attack behind the scenes also changed from peripheral elements of the Yunsi Faction to its core members.

Meanwhile, the Yongzheng emperor commanded the compilation of Shangyu neige (Edicts to the Grand Secretariat) and Dayi juemi lu (Records of great righteousness resolving confusion), also ordering that they be presented on a regular basis, the effect of repeated propaganda being achieved. However, as the adverse impacts are difficult to define, it is not easy to trace and investigate the validity of the rumors due to the limited availability of documentation. In addition, it is quite arduous to come to a consensus due to the different interpretations of the surviving documents. Therefore, this article intends to borrow from the method of studying rumors in the social sciences, taking the rumors attacking Yongzheng as an alcoholic, being overly harsh, and having a fondness for confiscating property as examples to discuss the generation and transmission of such rumors, his refutation of the rumors, and the relationship between rumors and his governance. From these three aspects, the process of the Yongzheng emperor’s manipulation of rumors to achieve the purpose of consolidating his rule is analyzed.

雍正皇帝;流言;酗酒;嚴刻;抄家;《上諭內閣》;《大義覺迷錄》

Yongzheng emperor; rumors; alcoholism; harsh manners; confiscation; Shangyu neige; Dayi juemi lu