本文所謂摘句入詩指完整摘取他人詩、文，或取其中四字以上入詩的寫作方式。此方式在北宋展現出重視點化、用古生新的傾向，與黃庭堅「取古人之陳言入於翰墨，如靈丹一粒，點鐵成金」之論有共通之處，能作為觀察北宋醞釀點鐵成金過程的路徑。本文先指出「承接」、「跳脫」原句脈絡的兩種摘句型態，再據歐陽修、梅堯臣詩說明點化意識的深化；其次，以王安石集句詩和郭祥正、蘇軾詩為例，勾勒摘句入詩往調和新篇發展的趨勢。最後，透過考察黃庭堅詩指出其度越前人之處是以經史、文章皆為材料的眼光，與跨越體裁摘句組織對偶的成果。整體而言，摘句入詩是實踐以故為新概念的良好方式，其重視用古生新的傾向對「點鐵成金」有明確前導意義。

The term zhaiju rushi 摘句入詩 refers to the selection of a single line or phrase from another writer’s poem or essay and incorporating it into one’s poetry. It also denotes the practice of taking four or more characters from an earlier poet’s lines and integrating them into one’s poetry. This writing style emerged in the Northern Song dynasty, and it emphasized the use of ancient expressions to create new works. This approach to poetic composition shares common ground with Huang Tingjian’s 黃庭堅 theory of diantie chengjin 點鐵成金, and it can be considered a means of observing the development of diantie chengjin in the Northern Song. With respect to the first stage in this development, I identify the original context of two types of early Northern Song zhaiju rushi, namely “continuation” and “departure.” I then illustrate the deepening awareness of this practice in the works of Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 and Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣. Concerning the second stage, I utilize examples from Wang Anshi 王安石, Guo Xiangzheng 郭祥正, and Su Shi 蘇軾 to shed light on the trend of selecting earlier lines to either transform old poems or create entirely new ones. Finally, I examine Huang Tingjian’s works that employ zhaiju rushi, and point out his innovation in using the classics, histories, and literary collections. I also discuss Huang’s achievement of antithesis through the technique of excerpting sentences, which transcended genres and utilized different poetic forms. In sum, zhaiju rushi became a practical way for Northern Song poets to embody the concept of diantie chengjin. Their inclination to create the new from the old was of pioneering significance to the idea of diantie chengjin.

宋詩;摘句入詩;點鐵成金;以故為新;集句

Song poetry; zhaiju rushi 摘句入詩; diantie chengjin 點鐵成金; yigu weixin 以故為新; jiju 集句