自一九四一年迄今、尤其最近二十年以來,現代漢詩中徘徊著一個不可忽視的「杜甫」身影。本文從大約十三首吟誦「杜甫」的詩篇中,選擇馮至的《十四行集》之十二、楊牧的〈秋祭杜甫〉、西川的〈杜甫〉以及廖偉棠的〈新唐宋才子傳‧杜甫〉,結合詩文本的內外因素,透過發生學的追蹤,把四個不同版本的「杜甫」給與不斷脈絡化,冀能透過歷史敍事與文學虛構的張力、符號隱喻和生活世界的互動,進行繁複的論辯。本文結論是:從二十世紀四十年代到新千年伊始,由馮至而楊牧而西川而廖偉棠的文學實踐,「杜甫」形象一步步發生微妙的縮減、轉化和變形,愈益脫離宏大的歷史敍事而帶有「歷史個人化」的私己性,愈益從外在的政治層面的關注而轉向內心複雜感受的描畫,甚至以極富後現代色彩的「故事新編」出之。每一個版本的「杜甫」均催生於既定的境遇意識,也是歷史與當代不斷對話、互相詮釋的結果。
Combining history and text with theory, this article presents an in-depth examination of Feng Zhi, Yang Mu, Xi Chuan and Liu Waitong`s revisions of Tu Fu`s image. First, the article contextualizes selected studies of Tu Fu written in 1941, 1974, 1989 and 2000, respectively. Then, it analyzes them textually in order to construct a frame of reference for observing the tensions between historical narrative and literary imaginary, symbolic metaphor and living world, ultimately, with the hope to offer a new critical frame of reference for the study of modern Chinese poetry.
杜甫;脈絡化;新詮;張力;辯證
Tu Fu; contextualize; revisions; tension; dialectics