過去探討清末維新時期士人辦報的研究，多以《時務報》為代表，本文考察杭州《經世報》，藉以檢視此類代表與其他報刊的具體歷史聯繫，以及媒介變遷與近代思想史的關聯。在發行運營方面，其時士林報刊普遍依賴官場、捐款等非市場性要素，然報刊數量不免供過於求，導致以《時務報》為核心的售報網路繼續獨大，使得位處《時務報》影響範圍的《經世報》，難以緩解自身的生存壓力。就體例與內容環節觀之，《經世報》較《時務報》更著力於維繫中土經世傳統對於外來知識資源的包容性。且在報館對應的學會中，其經世訴求與浙省的地域性學術傳統尚有結合。然而，因讀者對新媒介新舊夾雜的成見使編撰方更為頻繁地受到考驗，這種對傳統的強調受到了更大的非議。概言之，《經世報》弔詭地展示了趨向「傳統」的、使維新報務延續既有之經世意識的探索路徑；然而，當時報務「準市場化」的特徵，更有利於早先的標竿鞏固其地位，而另起爐灶、進而扭轉時風的企願，與以書籍為主的時代相較，變得更難實現。各方博奕的後果，更多的是報刊對士林的改造，而非相反。相應地，報刊所促成的經世思想推至空前的廣度深度，卻又使經世對於時代思潮的統攝力發生問題，進而開始為愈趨明晰的新舊之分野所衝擊，乃至取代。

During the reformist period of 1895-98, Chinese literati widely started to get involved in the newspaper and magazine business. This article concentrates on a relatively neglected journal called Jingshibao, highlighting its historical relations with The Chinese Progress (Shiwubao), which is generally considered “representative” of reformist thought of the period. This article further discusses the influence of the new media on the intellectual history of modern China. In terms of their production, literati journals relied on official support and donations instead of purely marketdriven competition, though the “oversupply” problem still emerged, especially given the density of the press in the Jiangnan region. Jingshibao, located in Hangzhou, therefore found it difficult to compete in the core area of the distribution network centering on The Chinese Progress based in Shanghai. In terms of Jinshibao’s style and contents, it paid more attention to the inclusivity of the statecraft (jingshi) tradition concerning foreign knowledge and resources. However, readers were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with this more traditional approach. In sum, the history of Jingshibao illustrates a relatively “traditional” way derive reformist impulses from the extension of existing ideas of statecraft. Because of the “quasi-marketization” of this period, however, the status of existing examples continued to be strengthened as the expectation of “reversing the tide” became more difficult to realize than in the previous book-dominated period. The reach and depth of the idea of statecraft were thus unprecedentedly extended by the new media, while at the same time its ability to make sense of the era was gradually replaced by the increasingly clear distinction represented by the xin/jiu (new/old) dichotomy.

維新；經世；士人；《經世報》；媒介變遷

reformism; statecraft thought; literati; Jingshibao; media change