庚子事變之際，華北戰事方興，而東南各省與列強議約互保，自處局外。如魯迅觀察到：「群乃知政府不足與圖治，頓有掊擊之意矣。」「群」指士大夫，而一些封疆大吏與士人看法相類，遂有「東南互保」出現。本文關心者在於，如果說趨新士人與疆吏存在某種共識，那麼「相類」者為何，邊際在哪裡？在總體以「抗命」為特徵的政治選擇中，士人如何擺放「社稷」與「列強」的位置？在1900年這一具有轉折意味的年份，士人思考的承前者、啟後者又分別為何？督撫和趨新士人在「互保」一點上達成暫時共識，但在後者應對時局的設想中，「與外人立約互保，以保境寧人」也僅是「一時權宜之計」。當時不同背景士人群體在「借權督撫」的手段選擇上表現出相當的共性，然於政局的總體判斷及應變目標卻大相徑庭，同以「勤王」旗幟相標榜的各方行動，亦隱含分歧。外患達於極點，時人皆有瀕於「滅種」的焦灼感，偏向自省的國家觀念也達到臨界點，利用外國勢力以「圖存」、「救亡」的思想盛行。不滿於「互保」而謀出位之思者，竟同「猶與列強交通」的疆吏一樣，也極端倚賴外援，形形色色的「志士」為實現「民族主義」目標，提出各自「救亡」方案，實際以對現有國家政權不同程度的「離心」為代價。事後，清政府改弦易轍，開始「文明國化」進程，同時也遭逢前所未有的「帝國的時代」，在國家目標外傾的同時，「反帝」與「逐滿」興起為時代的變奏主題。國人心態在「走向世界」過程中經歷無數曲折，這一切都成為了民國所繼承的遺產。

During the Boxer Uprising, while the Qing court declared war in north China, the southeast provinces made a peace agreement with foreign countries. Local officials and local elites shared a dissatisfaction with the central government and so made ceasefire agreements with foreign governments. This article explores the meaning and the boundaries of the so-called consensus of local officials and elites. In the political choices that were characterized by disobeying the orders of the central government, how did local elites regard the country and the foreign powers? The author also explores the different views of local elites. With the development of the international situation and the growing external threats, the trends of local divisions decreased and nationalism reached its peak. Local elites put forward their own plans to save the country at the cost of betraying the existing regime. After the Boxer War, the central government began to undertake fundamental reforms deemed civilizational progress, but rejection of both the foreign powers and the Manchus became themes of the time. All of these ideas would be inherited by the Republic of China.

庚子事變；東南互保；趨新士人；藩鎮論；勤王；文明國化；民族主義

Boxer Uprising; mutual protection in the southeast; local elites; local divisions; civilizational progress; nationalism