本文主要目標在於利用報紙資料，重建並全面探討1918年大流感疫情在中國爆發的狀況，並以政府、慈善網絡、民眾反應等各個層面為基礎，來檢視當時社會對此疫病的因應之道。此次大流感乃世界性的瘟疫流行，這波疫情當時也衝擊到中國，甚至波及臺灣。在許多既有的西方研究中，都未曾對中國的疫情做出全面的介紹與評估，反而比較主觀地認為：大流感造成中國人難以估計的死亡與損害，而流感的散播源頭正是中國。這些論調多站在近代中國行政效率之低落、毫無處理突發疫病的公衛機制等主觀認定之角度來進行論述，卻往往忽略了歷史背景與中國社會可能有一套認識疫病、防堵疫病的傳統方式，因此，必須先透過史料進行一次全面的探討，才能對這次疫情做出更進一步的評估和論述。本文主要鎖定當時流感疫情較為嚴重的兩個地區，一北一南──京、津與滬、紹兩大區域疫情之對比，再以一些其他省區的狀況做為輔助，來對比分析各地政府與鄉紳、慈善團體在處理流感疫情時所呈現出的差異，並關切當中社會救濟與疾病應對的歷史。

The main purpose of this study is to use the information in contemporary newspapers to investigate the conditions of the influenza pandemic outbreak in China in 1918 to highlight the roles of the government, charity networks, and public responses, in order to evaluate society’s coping strategy against such a disease. The influenza pandemic had spread on a worldwide scale, but many Western studies have neglected the epidemic in China. Instead, these studies more subjectively suggested that the influenza pandemic resulted in innumerable deaths and damage in China, and that it originated from China. Such subjective arguments were based on the low administrative efficiency in modern China and the lack of a public health system for handling the sudden outbreak of diseases. However, these studies neglected the historical background and the possible use of traditional methods for knowing and preventing diseases in Chinese society. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive investigation through historical data to further assess and discuss the epidemic situation of the influenza pandemic. This study focuses on two regions suffering from more serious epidemics: Beijing and Tianjin in the north and Shanghai and Shaoxing in the south, to compare the conditions of the epidemic in these two major regions. In addition, this study also investigates the conditions in other provinces to comparatively analyze differences in dealing with the influenza pandemic by provincial governments, country gentry, and charity organizations, and to highlight the history of social aid and coping strategies for the disease.

流感；疾病史；區域；社會史；醫療；慈善

influenza; history of disease; region; social history; medical treatment; charity