本文主要藉由日治末期臺灣總督府所實施的食物配給統制、本地民眾為了對抗配給而興起的黑市交易活動，以及疏開時日、臺人間的互助與食物分享，來觀察、分析戰爭期間殖民地社會的變化，說明臺灣人在戰爭中的處境及其對抗戰時總動員體制的能動性。目前大多數關於戰爭時期殖民地史的研究，皆將臺灣人置於總動員體制下的被動員者和皇民化運動中的被改造者角色進行討論。但從本文的分析可發現，作為食物或食料品生產者的臺灣人，在物資匱乏的戰爭時期，得以藉由無所不在的黑市活動，反抗殖民政府的差別化食物配給政策，進而對殖民統治者在講求戰爭一體化下，仍執意鞏固的階層化社會構成威脅。而戰爭末期配給物資的枯竭，以及為了躲避空襲而實施的疏開，更迫使日本人轉而珍視臺灣人的飲食傳統，在日常生活上尋求在地化，進而形塑了五十年來未曾有的「內臺一體」化殖民地社會。進言之，在戰爭動員體制中，臺灣人並非只是單純的被動員、被改造的對象，其憑藉著在地化優勢及其對食物資源的掌握，確具有改變皇民化運動與階層化殖民社會的實質影響力。

This article examines both the changing status and the agency of Taiwanese people during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the ways local people resisted the colonial government’s Wartime Mobilization Scheme. The three aspects of this analysis are the colonial government’s food rationing scheme implemented at the end of the colonial period, the subsequent black market activities arising from popular resistance to it, and the mutual aid and exchange of provisions between Japanese and Taiwanese during the evacuation period. Most existing studies of the Japanese colonial era and the Second Sino-Japanese War conceive the Taiwanese as targets of mobilization and the Kominka movement. This article, however, argues that as the producer of foodstuffs, they were capable of constituting a force of resistance against the government’s differentiated rationing scheme through extensive black market activities during the time of war-induced food shortages. In addition, such activities proved destructive to the hierarchal social structure that the colonial government, though seeking “wartime-integration,” managed to maintain in Taiwan. The lack of rationing resources at the end of war, as well as the evacuation-dispersion (shukai 疏開) practice to avoid airstrikes, forced the Japanese both to appreciate Taiwan’s traditional dietary habits and to seek localization of their daily life. An unprecedented “Japanese-Taiwanese integration,” a phenomenon that had never been seen in previous decades, was thus observed in the colonial society at this point. More importantly, the Taiwanese were not merely the targets of mobilization and transformation in the Wartime Mobilization Scheme. Rather, the local advantage they possessed and their control over food resources equipped them with substantial influence that could both turn the tide of the Kominka movement and change the unequal social structure.

戰時總動員體制；食物配給統制；黑市；皇民化運動；在地化

Wartime Mobilization Scheme; food rationing scheme; black market; Kominka movement; localization