晚明首輔葉向高曾邀艾儒略入閩，並展開「三山論學」。本文首先結合教內、教外文獻，對葉向高與傳教士的交往過程，特別是楊廷筠、丘良厚、趙鳴陽所起的樞紐性作用等面向，進行系統地梳理；其次，以葉向高為楊廷筠所作〈西學十誡初解序〉為中心，該序在不足百年間即被移植一次、篡改兩次，通過對照可看出葉向高與傳教士在信仰、上帝降生等問題上的實質分歧所在，進而分析教會文獻對葉向高形象的形塑過程；再次，探討葉向高晚年對華夷與正邪問題的焦慮，以及在儒家之外的多元信仰實踐，分析葉向高等人親近傳教士的文化淵源和社會背景，並對其孫葉益蕃、葉益蓀受洗說提出質疑；最後，進一步提出漢文天主教文獻的層累形成問題，指出既要釐清層累以還原歷史，更要關注層累過程中所包含的豐富的中西文化互動。

Current scholarship on Ye Xianggao (1559-1627), a prime minister in the late Ming, has focused on his inviting Father Giulio Aleni to Fujian Province in 1624 and the learned conversations between them in 1627. First, this article uses both Christian and non-Christian materials to illustrate the relationship between Ye Xianggao and missionaries. Yang Tingyun, Qiu Lianghou (Brother Pascoal Mendes) and Zhao Mingyang were three Chinese Catholics who played an important role to connect Ye Xianggao and missionaries. Second, Ye Xianggao once wrote a preface for Yang Tingyun’s Chinese Christian book Xixue shijie chujie in 1624, but this preface was removed to another book and re-edited twice by the Church in less than 100 years. By analyzing these modifications, we can find the differences between Ye Xianggao and the Church on topics such as belief and the birth of Jesus, and see how the image of Ye Xianggao changed over time. Third, this article shows that during Ye Xianggao’s later years, he was anxious about the Yidi (including Dutch and Jurchen) who were invading Ming territories and the eunuchs who were ruling the government at that time. In addition to Confucianism and Christianity, Ye Xianggao had a great interest in Buddhism and folk cults as well. These are part of the social and cultural reasons why he became close to missionaries. At the same time, his grandsons Ye Yifan and Ye Yisun, who were regarded as Catholics for a long time, were most probably not Catholics. Above all, when we use Chinese Christian texts, we should be aware that they were “piled up” and layered, and determine whether different versions exist. It is also important to analyze when, who, how, and why these texts were modified—Sino-Western cultural interactions explain many of the modifications.

葉向高；艾儒略；楊廷筠；西學十誡初解序；漢文天主教文獻

Ye Xianggao; Giulio Aleni; Yang Tingyun; Xixue shijie chujie xu; Chinese Christian texts