十九世紀中葉以來，博覽會與帝國主義、殖民主義，以及消費主義緊密合拍，更使其成為各殖民者既相互觀摩，又彼此競爭交鋒的場域。在近代博覽會發展史上具有重要地位的法國，曾於1902年藉慶祝滇越鐵路通車為由，舉辦過唯一一次在其本國國土之外的「河內博覽會」，用以介紹安南豐富的自然資源和法國殖民越南的實力與治績。除了法國及殖民地法屬印度支那之外，東亞多國及各殖民地亦帶著不同的目的和期待參展。法殖民者欲藉此博覽會展示權力、宣揚治績，但中、日兩國參觀者則從法方在策展過程中的倉促失當，批評法人的殖民政策以及隱藏於其後的野心。越南知識人黎文敔對於法殖民者有著複雜的感受，他一方面擁護、歌頌法殖民者，但另一方面也清楚地認識到越南被殖民的現實處境。而除了關注法越關係之外，河內博覽會也是中、日兩國自我展示與言說，彼此觀看、相互競逐的場域。本文透過各國參觀者的紀錄與書寫，觀察他們在西方知識及科技架構、文明象徵與殖民處境下，對博覽會不同層次的體驗與態度，進而理解東亞各國乃至於東西方在相互觀照之下，彼此的形象認知與國家想像。

France, which occupied a significant position in the history of the modern exposition, held the only fair outside its territory in 1902, the Hanoi Exposition. In addition to France and its colony in Indochina, several East Asian countries and their colonies also participated in this exhibition. Each participant held different purposes and expectation from the others. The French colonists wanted to show their power by this exposition. However, the fairgoers from China and Japan castigated the French for the failure of their colonial policy and revealed their real ambition in holding the fair. Le Van Ngu, the Vietnamese intellectual, on the one hand upheld and praised the French colonists, while on the other hand was clearly aware of the reality of Vietnam’s colonized situation. As a result, he had mixed feelings about the French colonists. Meanwhile, in addition to placing emphasis on the relationship between France and Vietnam, the competition between China and Japan was also revealed through their participation in the Hanoi Exposition. Through the documentation from each country, this article analyses the different layers of experience and attitudes toward the exposition in the frameworks of Western knowledge, technological structures, symbols of civilization, and colonial situations. This article further highlights the issues of identity recognition and imagined homeland of each country in East Asia, and between East Asian and Western countries.

博覽會；越南河內；殖民；展示與凝視；黎文敔