在比較人類學已經辨識出的眾多形塑世界的模式中，儘管它們基於非常不同的本體論前提，其中的類比論和泛靈論仍顯示出有趣的異與同。類比論指的是一個由多種成分組成的分化世界，這些成分必須通過對應網絡才能結合在一起。而泛靈論預設了一個由會自我反思和有感知能力的人類和非人類組成的世界，其差異在於兩者的身體與心理感知傾向，而不是道德和主觀特質。然而，在世界上的某些地區，如東南亞、亞馬遜河流域西北部與中亞北部，可看見上述兩種本體論的混合，本次講座將探討其特徵。

Among the numerous forms of worlding that comparative anthropology has identified, two of them, analogism and animism, show an interesting set of similarities and differences although they are predicated upon very different ontological premises. Analogism refers to a fragmented world made up of a multiplicity of components that must be held together through networks of correspondences, while animism presupposes a world composed of self-reflexive and sentient human and non-human beings who differ from one another by their bodily dispositions, not by their moral and subjective capacities. However, in certain parts of the world—Southeast Asia, Northwest Amazonia, and Northern Central Asia—we find a blending of these features, and this will be the subject of this lecture.

泛靈論; 類比論; 階序; 牲禮; 馴化

animism; analogism; hierarchy; sacrifice; domestication