目標：利用我國二代戒菸服務資料進行「實施研究」，探討在真實世界中，不同尼古丁替代療法(NRT)與戒菸成功之關聯性。方法：納入2020/01/01到2022/06/30首次使用NRT之療程資料，透過傾向分數配對得到1:1:1樣本。暴露變項為單獨使用長效型(長效型)、單獨使用短效型(短效型)NRT、及長效型合併使用短效型(合併型)NRT，結果變項為六個月點戒菸成功與否，使用廣義線性估計方程式之羅吉斯迴歸。結果：納入26，604個NRT療程，六個月點戒菸成功率為19.86%。校正干擾因素後，與長效型NRT相比，短效型NRT(勝算比=1.16， 95%信賴區間：1.07-1.25)及合併型NRT(勝算比=1.21，95%信賴區間：1.12-1.31)均有較高戒菸成功勝算，然而短效型口腔吸入劑並未達統計顯著(勝算比=1.03，95%信賴區間：0.85-1.25)。年齡與NRT種類有顯著交互作用，合併型及短效型效果優於長效型，且在18-44歲使用者中更為明顯。結論：本研究結果與過去部分隨機對照試驗相同，合併型NRT效果優於長效型NRT。但不同之處在於本研究發現短效型NRT效果也優於長效型NRT，而此現象在18-44歲使用者中更為明顯。

Objectives: To conduct an implementation study by using data from Taiwan's Second Generation Smoking Cessation Service to explore the associations between different nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) regimens and smoking cessation success in the real world. Methods: Data on initial NRT treatment sessions from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2022, were included. Propensity score matching was applied to obtain a 1:1:1 sample. The exposure variables were three NRT types: long-acting NRT alone, short-acting NRT alone, and combined long-acting and short-acting NRT. The outcome variable was smoking cessation at the 6-month mark. Logistic regression was performed using generalized estimation equations. Results: A total of 26,604 NRT treatment sessions were included. The 6-month cessation prevalence was 19.86%. After adjustment for potential confounders, short-acting NRT alone (odds ratio [OR] = 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.25) and combined NRT (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.12–1.31) were both associated with higher odds of cessation success when compared with long-acting NRT alone. However, the short-acting oral inhaler did not reach statistical significance (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.85–1.25). A significant interaction was detected between age and NRT type; compared with long-acting NRT alone, short-acting NRT alone and combined NRT were more effective in users aged 18–44. Conclusions: The finding that combined NRT is more effective than long-acting NRT alone is consistent with the results of previous randomized controlled trials. However, this study also revealed that short-acting NRT alone is more effective than long-acting NRT alone, particularly among users aged 18–44 years. This work was funded by the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare. The content of this research may not represent the opinion of the Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare.

戒菸計畫；尼古丁替代療法；戒菸治療

smoking cessation program, nicotine replacement therapy, smoking cessation treatment