目的：探討低氧環境暴露對於安靜以及運動後血壓之效應。方法：於PubMed資料庫進行檢索，以 (altitude OR hypoxia) AND (“blood pressure” OR hypertension) AND (exercise OR hiking) 為關鍵字，收錄截至2023年10月13日所發表之臨床試驗和隨機對照試驗之研究，最終納入19篇文章。結果：低氧暴露九小時以上會使血壓上升，但相較常氧環境，在低氧環境下運動並不會造成血壓的額外增加；另經3-12週短期訓練後，對於血壓偏高族群，在常氧與低氧情況下，血壓下降的程度相似。結論：低氧暴露會造成血壓上升，但低氧暴露再加上運動的刺激，並不會產生加成效應，亦不會造成運動後立即的更高血壓上升，與改變運動後低血壓的程度，因此，相較常氧情況，低氧環境下運動可能無法更有助於有效改善血壓。

Purpose: To examine the effect of blood pressure at rest and post-exercise in hypoxia. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed databases (up to October 13, 2023) was performed including clinical trials and randomized controlled trials. The following keywords was used: (altitude OR hypoxia) AND (“blood pressure” OR hypertension) AND (exercise OR hiking). A total of 19 articles were finally included, with populations including healthy, overweight, obese, hypertensive, and metabolic syndrome participants. 11 articles presented the effect of oxygen concentration changes on blood pressure at rest, while 11 articles presented the effect of exercise intervention on blood pressure in a normoxia and hypoxia. Results: Exposure to hypoxia for more than 9 hours can lead to increase in blood pressure. However, compared with a normoxia, exercise in a hypoxia does not cause additional increase on blood pressure. After short-term training of 3-12 weeks, the degree of blood pressure reduction in individuals with hypertension was similar in a normoxia and hypoxia. Conclusions: Hypoxia increase blood pressure. However, combined hypoxia with exercise could not result in an synergistic effect causing increase in post-exercise blood pressure, nor does it alter the extent of post-exercise hypotension. Therefore, compared with normoxia, exercise in a hypoxia may not be more beneficial in effectively improving blood pressure.

高海拔; 高血壓; 心血管; 健行; 低氧訓練

altitude; hypotension; cardiovascular; hiking; hypoxia training