飛輪等慣性離心超負荷運動模式已被使用誘發活化後增益作用及提升運動員表現之另一替代方式。本文係透過電子資料庫收集相關文獻，分別探討內容包含：1.飛輪等慣性離心超負荷原理及特色、2.飛輪等慣性離心超負荷運動模式對生理反應、肌肉收縮功能及肌肉損傷影響、3.不同飛輪等慣性離心超負荷熱身劑量與恢復時間對運動表現影響。綜觀文獻研究發現，運動表現提升之機制可能與招募更多快縮肌纖維、產生更大離心力量、增加肌肉僵硬度等有關。一般飛輪等慣性離心阻力區分：低阻力：0.01~0.05 kg/m2、中阻力: 0.05~0.075 kg/m2、高阻力：0.75 kg/m2以上。三種阻力皆增加心血管反應、血乳酸。此外，該運動模式以中、高負荷進行4組，每組反覆6下以上，會造成下肢肌肉損傷情形至少2天。然而，大部分研究則使用蹲舉動作進行熱身，並以低至高阻力進行2-3組，每組反覆進行6下，組間休息2-3分鐘。理想活化後增益作用時間為3-9分鐘，則顯著提升垂直跳、20公尺衝刺跑、變換方向能力、股四頭肌與腿後腱肌等速肌力。但是，目前有關搭配其他動作進行預處理或上肢研究仍缺乏，此議題須未來持續研究。

Flywheel iso-inertial eccentric overload exercise (FIEO) modes can be used as an alternative postactivation potentiation (PAP) method to acutely potentiate athletic performance. This article collects relevant literature through electronic databases and introduces the possible mechanism, physiological response, muscle function and sports performance of this exercise mode. The mechanism of improved sports performance may be related to the recruitment of more fast-twitch muscle fibers, greater eccentric force, and increased muscle stiffness. Generally, FIEO inertial resistance is divided into: low resistance: 0.01~0.05 kg/m2, medium resistance: 0.05~0.075 kg/m2, high resistance: above 0.75 kg/m2. All three types of resistance increased cardiovascular response and blood lactic concentration. In addition, the athletics performed more than 4 sets of 6 repetitions of FIEO with medium and high resistance, which will cause lower limb muscle damage for at least 2 days. However, most of the preconditioning exersise was use squat, and perform 2-3 sets of 6 repetitions with low to high resistance, interspersed by 2 min of passive recovery. FIEO preconditioning exercises acutely increase vertical jump, 20-meter sprint, ability to change direction, quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic muscle strength. The optimal time window for the PAP was found from 3 to 9 minutes. However, there is still a lack of research on preconditioning with other exercise or upper limbs research. Future studies is to address these issues.

熱身; 肌力; 損傷; 訓練

warm-up; strength; injury; training