目的：瞭解籃球比賽對一般大專選手血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酸激酶(CK)、皮質醇(cortisol)等疲勞指標的變化，進而探討賽前、賽中、賽後定時補充碳水化合物(CHO)對籃球比賽中、比賽後疲勞指標的影響。方法：本研究以15名大專乙組男子籃球隊員為對象。實驗前採平衡次序(counterbalance order)方式，將15名球員分為三組，每組5名，分別進行：一、不攝取CHO不參與比賽（C組），二、不攝取CHO參與比賽（G組）及三、攝取CHO參與比賽(DG)等三種不同實驗，每次實驗間隔7天。所有受試者並分別於比賽前及比賽中20分鐘和比賽後立即、60、120分鐘做靜脈採血和BUN、CK、cortisol等疲勞指標的分析。以重複量數二因子變異數分析(two-way ANOVA)考驗各組組內與組間不同時間點是否有差異，顯著水準訂為α=.05。結果：分析後發現一、BUN在籃球比賽後立即、60、120分鐘達到顯著升高(p<.05)；CK、cortisol則在籃球比賽中20分鐘及比賽後立即、60、120分鐘達到顯著升高(p<.05)。二、定時補充CHO的DG組與G組相較，BUN在比賽後立即、60、120分鐘明顯低於G組(p<.05)。三、Cortisol在比賽中20分鐘及比賽後立即、60、120分鐘DG組明顯低於G組(p<.05)；CK則無顯著差異。結論：籃球比賽會使比賽後BUN濃度升高及比賽中、比賽後CK和cortisol的濃度升高。在比賽前中後定時補充CHO能直接提供葡萄糖需求，對與能源不足有關的疲勞指標cortisol有減少分泌需求之作用，相對降低蛋白質代謝產物BUN的生成量，然而對高強度運動所造成的CK上升則無影響。

Purpose: To evaluate the changes in fatigue indexes, such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatine kinase (CK) and cortisol when competing in basketball games, as well as to investigate the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation on those fatigue indexes at pre-game, in-game and post-game periods. Methodology: 15 male division Ⅱ collegiate basketball players were recruited as subjects. In this study, subjects were divided into 3 groups to complete three following experiments respectively in counterbalanced order: (1) No CHO supplementation, not participate in games (C). (2) No CHO supplementation but participates in games (G). (3) CHO supplementation and participate in games (DG). The three experiments were separated by a 7-day wash-out period. Venous blood samples were obtained from subjects to assess the level of BUN, CK, and cortisol at 20 minutes pre-game and in-game as well as 0, 60 and 120 minutes post-game respectively. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to test the within and between treatment differences at different time points (α=.05). Results: The results revealed that (1) BUN significantly increased at 0, 60, 120 minutes post-game; however, CK and cortisol significantly increased at 20 minutes in-game, and 0, 60, 120 minutes post-game (p<.05). (2) BUN level significantly decreased in DG (CHO supplementation) compare to G treatment at 20 minutes in-game, 0, 60 and 120 minutes post-game (p<.05). (3) Cortisol significantly decreased at 20 minutes in-game, 0, 60 and 120 minutes post-game (p<.05); and no significant difference in CK. Conclusion: BUN level increased after participate basketball games, CK and cortisol levels increased during and after participate in basketball games. The results show that carbohydrate supplementation before, during and after games can attenuate the BUN concentration at post-game period, and inhibit the cortisol secretion during in-game and post-game periods, however, carbohydrate supplementation has no significant effect on CK.

血尿素氮; 肌酸激酶; 皮質醇

Blood urea nitrogen; Creatine kinase; Cortisol