微量元素(trace minerals)是人體所必須，含量雖少卻調和身體許多重要的功能，其中鐵(iron, Fe)、銅(copper, Cu)、锌(zinc, Zn)和晒(selenium, Se)的變化更被認為是壓力、運動或許多酵素運作的指標。本研究目的主要在探討準備期游泳訓練及漸速耐力游泳運動，對微量元素鐵、銅、鋅、及晒的影響。受試對象為大專乙組女子游泳選手十四名（平均年齡18.86±1.56歲、平均身高161.92±5.28公分、平均體重59.00±10.244公斤），進行七天準備期游泳訓練（5-7公里／天），並在第七天進行7×200公尺漸速耐力游泳運動，第一、七天訓練前及漸速耐力游泳運動後採血，以原子吸收光譜儀(atomic absorption spectrophotometer, AAS)分析血清鐵、銅、锌及晒含量。相依樣本t-test為統計方法，顯著水準α值定為.05。結果發現在準備期游泳訓練後，鐵和鋅顯著增加(P<.05)；漸速耐力游泳運動後，鐵、銅減少、鋅增加，均達顯著差異(P<.05)。由上述結果顯示，準備期游泳訓練後，鐵及鋅狀態提高，顯示血液帶氧能力有所提升。漸速耐力游泳運動後，鐵和銅狀態減少、鋅提高，應為協助抗氧化物清除自由基的短暫現象。而有關鐵、銅及鋅彼此間存在許多交互反應與拮抗作用，則須不同的實驗設計來做進一步探究。

Background: Few data exist on the effect of endurance and intense swimming training on body trace minerals status. Iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se) are associated with the balance of anabolic and catabolic processes regulating the renewal of soft and skeletal tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se during general preparation phase of swimming training (GP) and progress velocity of endurance swimming (PS). Methods: Fourteen college female swimming athletes (mean age 18.86±1.56 yrs; height 161.92±5.28 cm; weight 59.00±10.24 kg) participated in this study, Subjects had blood sample collected 1hours prior to GP, PS, and immediately following the PS. Fe, Cu, Zn, and Se concentrations in the serum specimens were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and repeated measure t-test was involved for data analysis. Results: After GP, there were no significant change in serum Cu and Se concentrations (p>.05), while serum Fe and Zn concentrations increased significantly (p<.05). After PS, there was no significant change in serum Se concentration (p>.05), serum Fe and Cu concentrations decreased significantly (p<.05), Zn increased significantly (p<.05). Conclusions: Serum Fe and Zn concentrations increased when GP ending. This might result from the improvement of aerobic capacity. Serum Fe and Cu concentrations decreased and Zn increased after PS, possibly related to oxidize stress. But the interaction among Fe, Cu and Zn still need further research to clarify.

準備期游泳訓練; 漸速耐力游泳運動; 鐵; 銅; 鋅; 硒

GP; PS; Fe; Cu; Zn; Se