本研究之目的在解答下列兩個問題：㈠態度相似程度對人際吸引有何影響；㈡相似與相異的態度刺激呈現的順序對人際吸引有何不同的影響。本實驗的受試取自師大女生，共100名。實驗設計係採5×2因子設計，其第一因子為態度相似度，分.10，.30，.50，.70，.90五個層次，百分比愈高表示相似度愈大；第二因子為態度刺激呈現順序，分「相似－不相似」與「不相似－相似」兩層次。每一受試接受一種實驗處理。實驗程序係採受試與同謀(confederate)互動的方式。本研究之主要發現為：㈠人際吸引是態度相似比率的直線函數。㈡態度刺激呈現的順序是「相似-不相似」或「不相似-相似」，其吸引量數並無顯著差異。惟相似度為•50時有首位效應(primacy effect)傾向；相似度爲其餘情形時，有新近效應(recency effect)傾向。㈢態度相似度與態度刺激呈現順序兩變項間無交互作用。本研究未發現順序效應有三個可能的原因：㈠受試涉入程度不够，引起的情緒反應不够强烈；㈡所使用的態度題目不是祇關於同樣一個問題的；㈢相似不相似本身不是引起情感反應的重要因素，對與某些信念有關的特質的評價才是重要因素。最後一種解釋頗值得注意，因爲若祇有這一個解釋合理，卽可能表示Fishbein & Ajzen的「預期-價值理論」比Byrne的「增強理論」更能解釋相似性與人際吸引的關係。

This study was conducted to test the following two hypotheses: (a) Interpersonal attraction was a linear function of opinion similarity, and (b) a recency effect would exist in a sequential presentation of similar and dissimilar opinion stimuli. In a 5×2 factorial design, 5 levels of opinion similarity (.10, .30, .50, .70, and .90,) and 2 opinion sequences (similarity-dissimilarity and dissimilarity-similarity) were employed. Each of the 100 subjects paricipating in this study interacted with a confederate in one of the ten experimental conditions. Significant effect on attraction responses was found only for the opinion similarity variable with no interaction between opinion variable and presentation sequence variable noted. Three erplanations were suggested for the absence of order effect: (1) The opinion items or the experimental context had not made the subjects feel that their opinions on the items were especially important; (2) agreements and disagreements between the subject and the confederate were not on the same issue; and (3) subject's evaluations of inferred attributes lead to the formation of favorable/unfavorable affective responses, whereas similarity per se was not the real important determinant of those responses. The implication of these findings to similarity-attraction theories was also discussed.