本研究目的在探討國小與國中學生焦慮情緒之發展及其相關因素。研究對象為242名國小五年級學生分254名國中二年級學生，所有受試均接受兒童顯性焦慮量表，田納西自我概念量表，兒童內外控量表，情緒穩定性量表，艾氏青年人格量表，親子關係問卷及瑞文化非文言推理測驗。本研究結果顯示，兒童所表現之焦慮傾向與年俱增，且有明顯之性别差異。一般言之，國中二年級青少年較國小五年級兒童爲高，女童較男童為高。焦慮傾向與兒童及青少年之智力與學業成績之間，多無明顯一致的關係，但與其自我概念，內控信念，以及情緒穩定性等人格特質呈顯着之負相關關係，而與神經質傾向呈顯着的正相關關係。以親子關係來預测兒童及青少年之焦慮傾向時，只有在國中青少年階段較具意義，但亦僅能决定其中11-24%之變異。

The purposes of this study were mainly two. The first one was trying to understand the developmental tendency of anxiety manifested by children and adolescents. The second one was trying to explore what were the factors related to children's manifest anxiety. 242 children of the fifth grade and 254 adolescents of the eighth grade were selected from two elementary and two junior high schools as the sample of this study. All the subjects were given Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale, Children's Internal-External Control Scale, Emotional Maturity Scale, Eysenck's Jovernile Personality Inventory, Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire and Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices. The results indicated that adolescents showed higher anxiety scores than the elementary school children. Girls showed higher anxiety scores than boys. The manifest anxiety scores of subjects were not consistantly related to their scores of intelligence and school achievement. They were significantly and negatively related to some personality factors such as self-concept, internality and emotional maturity of the subjects. Using the scores of parent-child relation questionnaire as the predictor and children's manifest anxiety score as the criterion, the values of multiple regression coefficients between predictor and criterion were significant only for adolescents. However, the predictor accounted only for 11-24% of the variance in the criterion.