本研究旨在探討我國國民教育階段中兒童及青少年體格與體能發展的情形。本文是三年連續性研究計畫中，最後第三年研究的結果。研究的對象，除了繼續以第一年取樣的國小和國中各年級男女生共565人（男273人；女292人）作第三年體格測量與體能測驗，以完成九個年級，分為三段的縱貫研究外，並在體格測量方面，再抽樣國小和國中各年級男女生共1962人（男972人；女990人）作第二次的橫斷測量，以便與第一年體格橫斷測量的結果比較。此外並根據兒童和青少年體型改變的情形，以暸解體型發展的穩定性。研究結果主要發現如下。 1．體格發展研究的結果，一方面明白顯示出女生進入青春期暴發性生長較男生為早，一般言之，其間相差約為兩年。另一方面也可察見身高的發展比較穩定，受先天性影響校大；但體重之發展受環境因素影響可能較多，而有較多變化。 2．國民教育階段中男女青少年的體型頗為穩定，在縱貫研究的三階段中，均約有四分之三在三年中保持了同一種體型。 3．在體能發展方面，七項測驗結果（除女生屆臂懸垂一項外）均有隨年齡增進的趨勢。 4．無論在體格或體能的發展上，縱貫研究和橫斷研究的結果所顯示的趨向都頗為一致。但縱貫研究似乎比橫斷研究表現出發展的情形較明顯些。

The Purposes of this study were to investigate the development of physique and physical fitness of Chinese children and adolescents. This 15 a Part of the third year report of a three year continual study on physical and psychological development of Chinese school pupils. Besides 565 students for the longitudinal study on Physique and Physical fitness , there were 1962 subjects sampled from the first of primary school to the third year of junior high school as the second time to use the cross-sectional approach to investigate the development of Physique . This study also investigated the stability of the change of somatotype. The main findings were as follows: 1. According to the study of physique , girls arrive at the growths spurt of puberty nearly two years earlier than boys , and the growth of body height increases more stably than weight• 2. The somatotype of the students 15 rather stable, almost three fourth of the students remain the same type in three years. 3. There are almost steady increase in seven items of physical fitness in both sexes (except girls in flexed-arm-hanging ) during the school years. 4. The study results of longitudinal approach and cross-sectionala approach of both the development of physique and physical fitness are rather consistency, but the longitudinal approach shows the tendency of development more clearly than the cross-sectional approach.