前人往往留意宋人對聖人形象的揣摩，對孔、顏樂處的追尋，然而朱熹不僅留意於此，更擴及於孔門弟子的分析與檢討，推究過深，固然有偏頗之失，但檢視孔門儒學之傳，分析弟子高下，從道統思惟重新定位《論語》，《論語》不僅是了解孔子言行的典籍，更是檢視孔門儒學之傳的線索，自此形就四書義理體系，《大學》、《論語》、《中庸》、《孟子》彼此銜接，聖聖之間，「道統」相傳，儒學有了新的思考方向。為求了解其中轉變之處，筆者檢具朱熹《四書章句集注》中有關孔門弟子的討論，檢討歷來有關「貶抑聖門」的批評，推究朱熹「穎悟」、「篤實」兩分的分類依據，以及儒學「道統」相傳的線索，期以還原朱熹思索之所在。

Previous investigators have often looked into the ways people of the Sung Dynasty elicited images of the saints and derived consolation from the writings of Confucius and Yen Hui （ 顏回） during times of hardship. Apart from these perspectives, Chu Hsi extended his study to include investigations of the Confucian disciples. Though the disciples’ excessive interpretations and readings did result in a certain bias and tendentiousness, one can examine the development of Confucianism by means of their study of the history of Confucianism, and analyze their competence in re-defining Mencius, the ancient book that recorded the talks and conduct of Confucius. Since Chu Hsi, the rationale underlying The Four Books was formed and the Great Learning （ 大㈻ ） , The Analects Of Confucius （ 論語） , Mencius （ 孟子） , and The Doctrine Of The Mean （ ㆗庸） were first interconnected. The “Confucian orthodoxy” among the saints was passed on, giving Confucianism a new way of thought. In order to arrive at a clear picture of how Confucianism was transformed, the present paper brings together the discussions on the Confucian pupils in The Collected Commentaries of The Four Books （ ㆕書章句集㊟ ） and reviews the criticism which has long been related to “devaluing the saints’ sect”. The paper aims to examine and study how Chu Hsi classified “Perspicacity” （ 穎悟） and “Sincerity” （ 篤實） and traces how “Confucian orthodoxy” was passed on, and posits its ultimate purpose of restoring the thought of Chu His to its rightful position.

經學;儒學;朱熹;四書學;孔門弟子

study of Confucian writings; Confucianism; Chu Hsi; study of the Four Books; Confucian pupils