自從八○年代開始，中共政權即在基層實施直接選舉制度，「選舉」乃漸漸成為基層百姓政治生活的重要組織部分。然而由於中共所依據的政治哲學是社會主義的政治學理，中共所依靠政治運作是中國特色的政治文化，所以中共所實施的選舉會是何種面貌呢？ 本文以大陸「村委會」選舉為例，用田野觀察的研究方法，就近觀察大陸閩北山區某村辦理選舉的過程，更能使人清楚。透過具體的選舉運作方式，來邏輯地推論中國特色社會主義民主的真正含意，分析此種以集體主義為基礎，由上而下推動的民主與西方由下而上爭取到的民主的差異所在。

Since the early eighties, the Chinese government has implemented the direct election system for basic-level government. The “direct vote” has become gradually, one of the most important aspects of Chinese peasants' political life. However, the Chinese Communists believe in socialism and the rural population in China is still living in poor conditions both economically and informatively. Moreover, its election system is different from western style democratic system. In order to understand the process of villager elections, this research method used field-studies. The report gives very detailed descriptions on election rules, political theories and the procedure of villager elections. Although this is a case study, through deep and varied perspectives and investigations, we can try to get some basic ideas of the characteristics of Chinese Socialist democracy.

村自治;村民委員會;選舉;中國特色;社會主義民主;集體主義民主;民主協商;資本主義民主

Villagers; self-government; Villagers Committees; election; Chinese characteristics; Socialist democracy; Collection democracy; Democratic negotiation; Capitalist democracy