《說文‧三篇下‧攴部》「改,更也。從攴己聲」,認為「改」是一個從「己聲」的字。然若從今日發現的楚簡文字看來,「改」並不從「己」,而是從「巳」,作「攺」形。這點可透過楚竹書與傳世古書中有「改」字句的相同內容比對而得知。其次在出土文獻中「攺」字常通讀為從「已」聲之字,而不見通讀為「己」聲,加以「改」為見紐之韻字,「已」為餘紐之韻字,見、餘二紐在楚簡中常見有諧聲的現象,進而推知「改」在先秦時乃從「已」聲。這點還可從甲骨卜辭及青銅器銘文中的「改」字都作「攺」形,且都有「已然」的意思得到佐證。「改」這一字形在隸書中出現的時間較晚,推測是在王莽時的「攺」一詞之前。而戰國簡牘的「攺」所從的「已」聲,由於和「也」字形似,且都可當語尾助詞,故時有被錯釋的情形出現。不僅如此,從己與從巳偏旁的字在小篆或隸書中也都有訛變的情形,如「起」字在楚簡中都作從「己」聲,但在小篆及隸書中卻變作從「巳」。而小篆中還有一個「」字,在文獻中又可通讀為「咍」,知其當從「已」聲,然而在小篆中卻作從「己」形。
The part of Po(攵) of ShuoWen(說文) , the character of gai (改) is a word that belongs to the phonic Ji(己) . However on the Unearthed Chu Bamboo Slips writing, the character gai (改) belongs to Si (巳) . Based on the knowledge of ancient character, judge that the yi(已) is the phonic gai (改)。 The inscriptions on bones and ancient Chinese bronze ware(青銅器) were proof that the character gai (改) belongs 攺, and both the meanings refer to already. The characters gai(改) appear in Li Shu(隸書) which appeared before the Wang Mang’s Dynasty. In this section,the author explained why the phonic character gai(改) were misunderstood. In the article the author discusses the character gai (改) on the bamboo of Confucius’sCritique on The Bool of Songs.Based on the knowledge of ancient characters, judge that the yi(已) is the phonic of gai(改)。
改;攺;巳已己;關雎之改;通假現象
Gai;Si;Ji;Ye;Yi;The critique of Confucius on the boole of song;The interchangeable words of chu bamboo slips