本文旨在介紹、分析及評論從思想家馬克斯到政治家列寧的意識型態概念。本文在內容上的主要重點包括對下列五個問題的解答：第一、馬克斯如何超越前人而創造出成熟的意識型態概念？第二、馬克斯如何透過賦予意識型態一種特殊性狹窄的意義以說明意識型態獨特的起源、性質與功能？第三、什麼是正統的馬克斯意識型態概念？該概念在應用上遭遇到何種困境及應用者犯了何種偏差？第四、列寧如何在實質上大幅度激烈修正正統的馬克斯意識型態概念？第五、馬列兩人的意識型態概念各自分別在學術上及應用上有何重大的貢獻？

This essay is an attempt to introduce, analyze and criticize conception of ideology created by Karl Marx as a thinker, systemized by Marxist and modified by V.I. Lenin as a statesman. The key points emphasized in this essay include answers to the following five questions：（1）How Marx transcends his precursors in creating a mature conception of ideology ？（2）How Marx explicates the characteristic origin, nature and function of ideology by means of a special and narrow meaning of ideology？（3）What is the orthodox Marxian conception of ideology？What kind of dilemma it confronts in its application and how its users make it going astray？（4）How Lenin modifies substantially in large the orthodox Marxian conception of ideology？（5）What kind of significant contribution Marx and Lenin’s respective conception has made in respect of its scholarship or its application？

意識型態;馬克斯;列寧;馬克斯主義者

Ideology; Karl Marx; V.I.Lenin; Marxists