本文受Vivienne Brown 觀點的啟發，認為現代經濟學家的形成和他們的觀念發展是經濟現代化過程中的一個重要部份。基於此，本文首先是要介紹 1920 年代歸國的經濟學家何廉，以及他創設南開經濟學院的過程和意義。然後要討論何廉長期在國民政府任職時的貢獻，特別著重他對戰後「計畫自由經濟」的規劃，以取代國民政府過去一直標榜的「計畫經濟」。此外，本文分析了抗戰末期七位南開經濟學家的相關議論，指出他們排斥「民生主義」中＂節制私人資本、發達國家資本＂的觀點，卻很嚮往當時西方Pigou 對資本主義的批判和修正以及Lange的理想社會主義論調。唯基於中國落後的社會條件和儘速發展國防工業的基本國策，他們主張以國營事業為主導的公私混合體制，此實偏重於「計畫自由經濟」中的「計畫」的部份。唯自一九四四年之後，受到西方政治領袖對戰後自由經濟的號召，更受到凱恩斯總體經濟理論的影響，方顯廷等經濟學家則有了明顯的觀念轉變，開始強調國民所得，充分就業，和消費需求等概念。這種觀念的轉變，應有助於「計畫自由經濟」中「自由」成份的成長。

The formation economists’ community and their ideas are significant in the process of economic modernization. Accordingly, this article will first introduce Samuel Ho, a Yale trained economist returning to China in 1920s. Then, it will introduce Ho’s creating Economic College at Nankai University, the first major economic institution in modern China. With these backgrounds, this article will introduce Ho’s personal career and policy contributions in the ROC government. Moreover, this article will discuss Ho’s major economic policy concept, the planned free economy, which become the basic government policy guideline in the post-war period. Accordingly, this article will explore seven Nankai economists’ arguments, to check their policy orientations and the ways of presentation in line with the basic policy guideline. In terms of ideology and policy content, it becomes a good way to exhibit the course of concept change from the planned economy to the planned free planned economy.

經濟學家;經濟政策;計畫經濟;計畫自由經濟

economists; policy arguments; the planned economy; the planned free economy