自拿破崙一世建立法國第一帝國時期，確立了法國的中央集權體制以來，一向是以中央政府為權利管理中心。十九世紀之後，隨著民主政治體系的發展與成熟，法國才慢慢走向分權政策的落實。隨著時代的演進，法國的中央極權體制才有著鬆綁的趨勢，但是真正大規模落實分權化政策，則是在第五共和時期一九八二年以後所一系列通過的地方分權法，國家因此採取了比較快速劇烈的變革。為落實民主國家核心內涵的國民主權原理，地方自治已是不得不然的趨勢。地方政府扮演著分權與分工的雙重任務，而真正的地方自治應當是加強分權部分的重要性，而逐漸減低執行任務的分工角色，也就是徹底將自由、多元化與民主的精神融入在國家的發展政策當中。

France has established her centralized government administration system since the period of Napoleon Bonaparte in the First Empire. Since then, her spirit of considering the importance of a centralized government has never been changed. However, after 19th century, along with the development and maturity of the French democracy political system, the government began to decentralize the regime. Following the democratic evolution, some changes had shown in the solid centralized system. France became a more balance political regime. In fact, the real reform of decentralization had been taken only in 1982 in Fifth Republic. After 1982, with the series of decentralization law passed, French government took a more radical reform. To realize the true spirit of a democracy state, the orientation of having a more efficient and autonomous local community is inevitable. The local government has the responsibility to play a more active role in the policy of decentralization and devolution. The true democracy passes by an efficient local autonomy and begins by the policy of decentralization.

集權政策;分權政策;分工政策;法國;第五共和;中央政府;地方政府;城市;地方自治;國土規劃;國家政策;主權分享;市際關係;自治行政;教育制度

Centralization; decentralization; devolution; France; The Fifth Republic; central government; local government; city; local autonomy; national and local development; state policy; share sovereignty; inter city relations; free administration; education system