當代布農族社會，最具代表性的傳統祭儀為 Malahtangia（射耳祭），該祭儀之舉行，主要的儀式活動有 manah tainga（射耳）、 Mapatus（起薪火）、Mapasutnul（男子分食以薪火烤過的山肉）、 Mapatvis（餵食人頭骨及野獸頭骨）等儀式，以及於活動祭期進行著的 Pistatahu（習巫）儀式。 1980 年代後的文化復振， Malahtangia 祭儀的辦理宗旨、過程、內容、規模有很大的轉變，而容易讓我們（尤其下一代）誤解 Malahtangia 祭儀的本質與意義。因此，什麼是傳統的射耳祭儀？是本文所關注而欲探究的。本 文 從 布 農 族 Qanituan（ 卡 尼 端 ） 舊 社 的 祭 事 板 曆 所 刻 劃 有 關Malahtangia 的訊息，以及日治《蕃族調查報告書 武崙族前篇》（ 1915 年）所記述有關 Malahtangia 的內容，對布農族傳統的 Malahtangia 做重新解讀與詮釋。希望能有助於當今推動原住民族知識體系的建構與傳承，以及實施原住民民族教育的當下一個較具傳統性的視野觀點。筆者認為傳統 Malahtangia 活動，基本上是一個祈福的儀式活動―希望獵獲（出草、狩獵）豐收、農作成長良好；是男子鍛鍊的過程―男子參與集體狩獵及射擊鹿耳訓練；是得 mangan（靈力）的過程―參與Pistatahu（習巫）儀式；是分享及氏族家族凝聚的過程―山肉美食甜酒共享，以及不同家戶間、鄰近部落間的邀宴與彼此祝福。

In contemporary Bunun society, the most representative traditional ritual is Malahtangia (Ear-Shooting Ceremony). The main ritual activities of this ceremony include Manahtangia (ear-shooting), Mapatus (lighting the fire), Mapasutnul (men sharing and eating mountain meat cooked over the fire), Mapatvis (feeding skulls of human or wild animal), and Pistatahu (witchcraft training) ritual conducted during the ceremony period. Since the cultural revitalization in the 1980s, there have been significant changes in the purpose, process, content, and scale of the Malahtangia, making it easy to misunderstand the essence and significance of the Malahtangia ritual (especially for the younger generation). Therefore, what is the traditional Ear-Shooting Ceremony? It is the main points of this article. This article analyzes and reinterprets the traditional Malahtangia of Bunun people based on the information depicted in the wooden ritual calendar planks of the Qanituan old tribe and the relevant documents of Malahtangia described in the Japanese period “Report on Indigenous Peoples: Bunun people, Part I” (1915). It will contribute to the construction and inheritance of indigenous knowledge systems today, as well as provide a more traditional perspective in the current implementation of indigenous education. It is proved that the traditional Malahtangia ritual activity is essentially a ritual of blessing; it is a pray for a bountiful harvest (hunting and head-hunting) and good crop growth; it is a process of training for the males (men participate in collective hunting and shooting deer ear training); it is a process of obtaining mangan (psychic ability) (participating in Pistatahu, witchcraft training rituals); it is a process of sharing and clan or family cohesion (sharing meat delicacies and wine, as well as feasting and blessing each other between different households and neighboring tribes).

布農族;射耳祭;祭事板曆

Bunun; Ear-Shooting Ceremony; Wooden Ritual Calendar Planks