專利權人或其被授權人所銷售之專利產品，如於銷售時未附加有效限制，購買者可以任意使用、拋棄或再銷售該專利產品，其中使用之權利包含修理或改裝，但不包含再製（或稱：再造）一新的專利產品，此即所謂的可允許修理理論（ doctrine of permissible repair）。可允許修理理論源自於專利權耗盡理論和默示授權理論。可允許修理或改裝專利產品，包含拆解和清洗專利產品，並更換其中未受個別專利保護之零組件，不論該零組件是否已耗損或使用過；不可允許再製專利產品係指，當專利產品整體已經耗損後，對其重新製造以致於實質上製造一個新産品。美國最高法院於 1850 年第一次處理修理和再製區分案例至今已逾 150 年，各級法院已累積了相當多的判決。本文整理與分析美國近年來有關於區分專利產品修理與再製之糾紛案例，藉以歸納出美國最高法院與美國聯邦巡迴上訴法院所發展之判斷準則及應注意事項。

In Taiwan, civil court does not decide on invalidity of a patent in infringement proceedings. It is criticized widely for its serious delay of legal remedy. This thesis tries to highlight the tenacity confronted to the international trend. In Chapter II, the article introduces and analyzes several main judicial systems of the world dealing with the validity problem of patent in infringement litigation, such as U.S.A., Great Britain, Japan, South Korea, Germany, and France. Referring to the analysis results, Chapter III reviews the current regulations of our country and explicates the theoretical foundation that justifies the court’s deciding on the validity of patent. This chapter also brings up the probable questions while judging the validity of patent would confront, and offers personal opinions about treatments. Then the thesis ends with a review in Chapter IV.

專利產品;修理;再製;專利權利耗盡;默示授權

patented product; repair; reconstruction; patent exhaustion doctrine; implied license