面對氣候變遷對人類造成的挑戰與可能衝擊，國際社會在 1992 年通過聯合國氣候變化綱要公約，企圖減緩地球暖化。 1997 年再次通過京都議定書，正式對氣候變化綱要公約附件一國家課予溫室氣體排放量限制及排放減量的義務。唯中華民國（臺灣）的國際地位特殊，無法以國家名義加入前述全球氣候變遷規範體系。進而，一方面未受到溫室氣體排放義務的拘束，另一方面亦無法利用公約所建立的機制，從事國內氣候變遷減緩與調適措施。如今在氣候變遷議題上，中華民國（臺灣）地位的轉變以及其自然環境、社會環境的改變，將促成國際法進行微調，創造「碳排放實體」一詞，將中華民國（臺灣）納入全球氣候變遷規範體系中，也就變得可行且理應如此。

To meet the challenges and to face the possible impacts that climate change might cause on humans, the international community passed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, attempting to decrease the global temperature. Again, in the Kyoto Protocol signed in 1997, the quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments of the Annex I countries were laid out in Annex B. However, due to the special status of the Republic of China (Taiwan), it could not join any global climate change regulatory regime as a State. On the one hand, it does not have any emission limitation obligations, nor could it utilize mechanisms set up by the global climate change regulatory regime to implement mitigation or adaptation measures, on the other hand. Now, because the status and circumstances of Republic of China (Taiwan) has changed, the international community lives in a time in which international law needs to be delicately redesigned for meeting that challenge. It becomes feasible and reasonable to create the legal phrase “Carbon Emission Entity” to enable the Republic of China (Taiwan) to join global climate change regulatory regime.

氣候變化綱要公約;京都議定書;捕魚實體;碳排放實體;區域漁業組織

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC); Kyoto Protocol; Fishing Entity; Carbon Emission Entity; Regional Fisheries Management Organizations (RFMOs)