嘉慶年間，蔡牽（1761–1809）侵擾東南沿海，多次入占滬尾等地。為了增加臺灣沿海防禦能力，官員自嘉慶十三年（1808）起提出一系列海防措施、班兵制度的改革計畫，其中又以嘉慶十七年（1812）在鹿耳門、鹿港、滬尾三地建立砲臺、砲城、圍牆等防禦工事最具指標性。清廷規劃於滬尾街兩端之新店和北港塘建造兩座具有駐兵、砲臺、倉儲功能的砲城，並於次年從關稅撥款修築，準備屯駐新派於此的水師；此可充分視為中央政府「準軍事化」地方之舉措。然而，修建過程經歷地震、颱風等天災，並與已明顯商業化、蓬勃發展中的滬尾社會和地方力量產生矛盾，砲城和駐軍不僅阻礙街市發展，也增加地方社會秩序的不穩定性。道光四年（1824），地方官員與封疆大吏面臨臺運、班兵等相關和衍伸問題，均需仰賴滬尾地區人士協助；與此同時，嘉慶時期滬尾地方勢力已足以展現地方菁英能動性。最終，砲城修建計畫以耗費過大、拆遷擾民、海疆平靜等理由停止，展現中央和地方之妥協，達成某一平衡；但砲城存在的短短十二年已足以對滬尾街市發展、社會樣貌產生深遠影響。本文嘗試通過《軍機錄副》中繪製於嘉慶十七年、道光四年的兩幅淡水地圖為主要史料，探討這段期間內帝國、官員、地方對於兩座砲城的修建與社會影響之協調與歷史過程。

During the Jiaqing period, Cai Cian (蔡牽) harried the southeastern coast of China and occupied ports in Taiwan, including Tamsui (as known as Huwei 滬尾). To enhance the littoral defense, the Qing officials proposed a series of reformation plans for the coastal defense and soldier-rotation system from 1808. Among these plans, the most significant one should have been the construction of barracks, forts, and walls at the port of Lu’ermen, Lugang, and Huwei in 1812. The officials planned to build two forts and appropriated funds from tariffs, and the Qing court decided to station soldiers from different prefectures of Fujian at these two forts, which could be considered as the militarization of local society by the central government. However, during the construction, a typhoon and earthquake struck Tamsui. Besides, the growing local power of the growing commercialized society in Tamsui opposed such militarization because the stationed soldiers would create social disorder. In 1824, local officials were struggling with serious economic issues, such as the delivery of grain to Fujian, so they had to rely on the assistance of traders and elites in Tamsui. Eventually, the court terminated the construction plan due to the cost, disturbances, and the peaceful ocean. The termination of construction was the result of negotiations between the central empire and local power. Nevertheless, for twelve years, the impacts of construction left long-term marks. This article uses two maps collected in Junji Lufu 軍機錄副 as the primary sources to examine the social history constructed by the empire, officials, and Tamsui society.

班兵; 臺運; 乾嘉變革; 城市史; 社會史

Soldier-rotation system; Tai-yun circulation structure; Qianlong-Jiaqing transition; urban history; social history