船山處明末清初之際，卓然為一代鉅儒，其學術雖博涉多方，最要者，仍在 所謂「性理思想」。而其中年以後義理思惟，乃多經「理學脈絡」之激發或導引產 生。特其思惟發展，自有其所關注之思想議題，與所體認之儒學危機，故不宜單 以「理學家數」之概念，予以理解。 關於船山所關注之思想議題，依本文所見，約有三項：其第一項，在於基於 理學立場，針對二氏之學所作之「虛」、「實」之辨。其第二項，在於經由朱、陸， 或說朱子與陽明之學之對峙，所引發之義理學爭議。其第三項，則是由前項爭議 所引生之有關「存有學」與「認識論」之探討。尤其後者，即有關「認識論」方 面觀點之澄清，方是根本解決朱子與陽明雙方爭執之關鍵所在。唯對於船山而言， 認識論立場之確立，本即牽涉整體形上學之建構，故欲於此方面而為一徹底之解 決，必須檢視其哲學基礎之整體系統，而非止於義理學之立場作選擇。本文所述， 即據以上所說要點之屬於「思想議題」之部分，仔細分析影響船山系統思惟發展 之諸多觀念因素，並依其思想之歷程，區分階段，以闡明先後發展之軌跡；具特 殊之觀點。

Wang Fuzhi was said to be the greatest philosopher during the second half of the seventeenth century China. Yet the fundamental nature of his metaphysical system remains to this day unclear to the world. There were numerous interpretations about the structure of his system, and these interpretations aroused controversial debates which leads to no conclusion. Part of this situation was caused by the immense volume of Wang Fuzhi’s philosophical writings and their complication in arguments. This paper aims to reconstruct the development process of Wang Fuzhi’s philosophical thinking through careful examination of his lifetime works, and to create a new interpretation. According to the author’s analysis, the formation of Wang Fuzhi’s philosophical system can be divided into five stages. Each stage differs from one another but shares certain common ideas and tendencies. In this article, the inner transition of Wang’s thoughts were highlighted and explained in detail.

中國哲學史;宋明理學;清代學術思想史;王夫之

China studies; history of Chinese philosophy; Chinese Ethics; Qing studies; Song-Ming neo-Confucianism; Wang Fuzhi