中國近現代學術思惟以其作為一學術史之新起點而言,其形成自身「階段性」面貌之根本起因,在於承受西方勢力與思想之重大衝擊,並於此承受衝擊之過程中,逐步凝聚其思想力量於若干具關鍵性之議題;以是而與過往之學術思惟銜接,並產生發展之動力。此所謂「具關鍵性之議題」,若以屬於「哲學議題」之關連性而言,其中有一居於核心之關切點,即是必須適時提出一符合當時科學知識與觀點之「宇宙構成論」論述,以重新確認「義理」之根源,並思考「文明社會」之前程問題。而此所指言之宇宙構成論需求,以當時思想界之理解而言,其所必須嚴肅面對者,則為由「社會演化論」,與「生物演化論」所匯集、形成之思想壓力。唯對於居於主流之各式強調「維新」、「啟蒙」與「革命」之學者而言,多數論者僅作出「立場」之抉擇,並未意識及於此一問題就「當代哲學」之發展而言,其所牽涉方面之深、廣,與立論之不易。故就「學術潮流」之變衍,條理出中國近現代之學術史,與專就「思想史」、「哲學史」而論述其中特定觀念之進展,脈絡非一。本文主要即依循後者所持之角度,而為一屬於「思想史」、「哲學史」之詮釋;論中所選擇之分析焦點,為當時學者所關切之「演化論」議題。而主要討論之對象,則集中於以下十家,即:嚴復、譚嗣同、歐陽漸、章太炎、太虛、梁漱溟、熊十力、張君勱、金岳霖與馮友蘭;以此展現當時之思想面相,並論及其所可能蘊含之意義。
When it comes to the formation of Chinese modern scholarship in the twentieth century, one inevitably will notice the immense impact of the western influences which Chinese scholars have received during the process. Among these western influences, the evolutionary theories, both biological and sociological, occupy the most crucial and prominent positions. The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyze some of the major philosophers who have participated in the debates and offered their contributions. These thinkers are Tan Sitong(1865-1898), Yan Fu(1853-1921), Zhang Binglin(1869-1936), Ouyang Jian(1872-1946), Taixu(1889/1890-1947), Liang Shuming(1893-1988), Xiong Shili(1885-1968), Zhang Junmai(Carsun Chang, 1887-1969), Jin Yuelin(1895-1984), Feng Youlan(1895-1990)
中國現代哲學史,中國近代思想史;嚴復;譚嗣同;歐陽漸;章太炎;太虛;梁漱溟;熊十力;張君勱;金岳霖;馮友蘭
Chinese in the 20 th century; modern Chinese intellectual history; Tan Sitong; Yan Fu; Zhang Binglin; Ouyang Jian; Taixu; Liang Shumin; Xiong Shili; Zhang Junmai(Carsun Chang); Jin Yuelin; Feng Youlan