西周銅器銘文中屢見當地名用的「周」,長期以來,學界對「周」之具體所指有不同的看法,或以為係「宗周」(鎬京)、「成周」(雒邑)之省稱,或以為指「岐周」,尚有專指「王城」、「成周」、「豐」(豐邑)等諸說。然細繹相關文獻、覈諸銘文、睽諸考古所見建築遺址,歷來諸說皆猶有未妥,其於出土材料或可言之成理者,於文獻則少有可支持之證據,況乎歷來諸說中尚有對出土材料之理解未盡可靠者。亦即西周時用作地名的「周」究為何處,迄今之研究,於文獻、考古、古文字三方面仍未能有統合性、一致性的說法。今乃先就文獻梳理西周時如何指稱岐周、豐、鎬、宗周、成周,從中可清楚看見都邑稱名與時推移的情況,依此情況並可檢視諸說之未當,亦可具體掌握西周時所言之「周」究指何處。乃再進一步以考古所見西周都邑宮殿遺址,及銅器銘文中「周」、「宗周」、「成周」二者稱名相互排斥;「周」、「成周」亦相互排斥的現象加以驗證,終以探明銅器銘文中用為地名之「周」,確實僅能是宗周鎬京。至若鎬京稱「周」,則非宗周之省稱,當是沿襲岐周稱周之舊名而來。
There is a name of place in the inscriptions on bronze vessels in the Western Zhou called zhou. Where is zhou? Hao-jing( 鎬 京 ), Lou-yi( 雒 邑 ), Qi-zhou( 岐 周 ) or Feng(豐)?We can find the place of zhou change with the times if arrange the appellation in documents in order. Beside the appellation of zhou in documents, we also can conclude the place of zhou must be Hao-jing(鎬京) by the way of the fact of archaeological excavate and compare with Zhou(周), Zong-zhou(宗周), Cheng-zhou(成 周) in the inscriptions on bronze in the Western Zhou.
西周;銅器銘文;周;鎬京
The Western Zhou; The inscriptions on bronze vessels; The name of a place called zhou; Hao-jing