此文旨在說明新中國甫成立之際,《人民日報》評述與應用《三禮》的情形,以期歸納傳統經書在此時所具備的實際用途;並藉此回應一般認為儒家經典自1949年新中國成立後,由於受到馬列毛思想的箝制,是以官方對儒家經典多持負面立場看待;甚至為了推動現實政治鬥爭運動,將儒家經典汙名化、工具化的觀點。經由分析考察1949至1980年間《人民日報》當中119篇、143筆明確引述《三禮》的相關文章後,發現:《三禮》在《人民日報》言論中,仍具有正、負兩類的評價,其中又以《禮記》的「大同」、「慎獨」觀念的改造與應用最為明顯。其次,《三禮》當中「禮不下庶人」、「禮為民坊」、「三從四德」與「中庸」四項觀念在1974年的批林批孔運動中,飽受《人民日報》抨擊。第三,《三禮》在中共官方「二元對立式」的解釋框架下,展現出「歷史考證」、「價值確認」兩種實用功能。本文研究成果除了為《三禮》在新中國初期的發展,提供較為實證的資料外;從運用經典的角度探討《三禮》的用途,也是未來可持續關注的議題。
This article investigates the comments of People’s Daily what rebelled against the three Rites classics, part of Confucian classics, and illustrates applications of Confucian classics in contemporary china. In order to indentify People’s Daily’s evaluation of the three Rites classics, I have collected as well as analyzed 143 samples of People’s Daily, which explicitly quoted phrases from the three Rites classics. My findings suggest that there were positive and negative evaluation of the three Rites classics of People’s Daily, especially of “datong” (大同) and “shendu” (慎獨). However, there were four ideas: “libuxiashuren” (禮不下庶人), “liweiminfang” (禮為 民坊) , “sanzongside” (三從四德) and “zhongyong” (中庸), had been attacked strictly by People’s Daily.
三禮;人民日報;經典運用;大同;慎獨
the three Rites classics (SanLi 三禮);People’s Daily;applications of Confucian classics;datong (大同);shendu (慎獨)