目標：國內目前仍實施國民義務服役制度，役男進入軍隊後，生活情境發生明顯改變，當個人心理調適機轉無法適應環境改變，易誘發重度憂鬱症的發生。本研究旨在瞭解役男重度憂鬱症發病之危險因子。方法：以個案對照組方式進行結構式面對面問卷調查。先選取155位被醫師診斷為「重度憂鬱症」之住院役男為個案組，再同時選取246位沒有「重度憂鬱症」之役男為對照組，自變項為役男之社經背景、社會支持、主要壓力源及壓力因應方式等變項。結果：誘發役男「重度憂鬱症」的顯著影響因子為入伍前工作狀況、父親管教方式、家人具憂鬱症病史、下部隊時間、支持者、軍中壓力、家庭壓力、積極因應、及消極因應等。結論：役男容易發生「重度憂鬱症」同時受到個人、家庭和軍隊的影響，本研究發現的各項因子值得進一步探討，也可作為預防役男發生重度憂鬱症之介入計畫的參考。

Objective: Major depression, the most serious form of depression, has recently become a widely discussed issue with respect to soldiers in national service. The current study was undertaken to determine the risk factors for major depression among enlisted men. Methods: One hundred fifty-five soldiers treated ill psychiatric inpatient settings for major depression and 246 soldiers without a diagnosis of major depression were each administered a questionnaire in which the presence of major depression was the dependent variable measured, and social background, social support, stressors, and coping skills served as the independent variables. We thus analyzed the influence of all independent variables on the incidence of major depression to ascertain the associated risk factors. Results: Using various regression models, the variables shown to significantly affect the incidence of major depression were job status before recruitment, father's style of discipline, personal psychiatric history, family psychiatric history, the time elapsed after the completion of new recruit basic training, support from family and friends, military stress, family stress, positive coping skills, and negative coping skills. Conclusions: The characteristics of soldiers at increased risk for major depression included: unemployment before recruitment, a father with a dominant style of discipline, the presence of psychiatric illness before recruitment, the presence of psychiatric illnesses in family members, completion of new recruit basic training within three months, lack of support from family and friends, increased perception of military stress, heightened family stress, lack of positive coping skills, and increased negative coping skills.

役男 ； 重度憂鬱症 ； 支持度 ； 壓力源 ； 因應方式

solider, major depression, support, stressor, coping