為了回應國際條約中保護資訊網路傳播權的要求和打擊氾濫的網路盜版行為，不同司法管轄區的著作權相關法律和政策都開始對引誘或協助網路使用者侵權的網路服務提供者追究侵權責任。雖然由案例發展而來的安全港規則已經被吸收進立法，但其中的相關機制，例如「通知及取下」、「傳票程序」、「三振條款」等，仍會阻礙資訊傳播及侵犯個人隱私。本文旨在建立網路服務提供者責任的確定性以及緩和不斷加強網路服務提供者責任的趨勢，並通過審視和分析不同司法管轄區之間關於網路服務提供者責任的著作權制度，為中國的數位著作權改革提供建議。本文第二部分將討論網路服務提供者的定義以及建立間接侵權責任確定性和可預測性的重要意義。本文第三部分將分析安全港規則、由美國法院判決發展而來的輔助及代理侵權責任、以及從英聯邦司法管轄區案例發展而來的授權及共同侵權責任。本文第四部分將審視有關網路服務提供者責任及其限制的法定要求。這部分主要討論美國、中國和香港的法律，因為這些司法管轄區的法律體現出一個相對完整的網路服務提供者責任制度。本文第五部分將會審視「三振條款」，該項措施是諸如法國等司法管轄區域的新發展，通過給安全港規則添加新條件來強化網路服務提供者的責任。本文第六部分將會建議調整有關網路服務提供者侵權責任的數位著作權法律，從而實現中國的數位著作權改革，並平衡著作權所有者、網路服務提供者、以及網路使用者之間的利益平衡，建立網路服務提供者責任的確定性。

In response to the conventional requirement of protecting the right of communication to the public and the widespread online copyright piracy, copyright laws and policies among different jurisdictions extend infringing liability to internet service providers (ISPs) which induce or facilitate their subscribers’ infringing activities. Although safe harbor has been developed from judicial practices and been incorporated into legislations, proceedings such as notice and takedown, subpoena procedure and the graduated response policy would still suffocate information dissemination and infringe individual privacy. This paper intends to provide proposals for setting up certainty of ISP liability and alleviating current tendency to aggravate ISP liability in general, and recommend suggestions for China’s digital copyright reform on ISP liability by reviewing and analyzing existing copyright systems regarding ISP liability among different jurisdictions. The second part will examine the definition of ISP and the importance of establishing certainty and predictability of indirect liability. The third part will analyze the safe harbor rule and contributory and vicarious liability developed through American court judgments, as well as the authorization and joint tortfeasor liability developed from cases in Commonwealth jurisdictions. The fourth part will examine the statutory requirements regarding ISP liability and its limitation. The statutes reviewed in this part will be mainly from the United States, China, and Hong Kong, as the combination of statutory regulations in these jurisdictions represents a relatively complete regime for ISP liability. The fifth part will examine the “graduated response” policy, the new development on aggravating ISP liability through adding new conditions for safe harbor in some jurisdictions such as France. The sixth part will suggest proposals for adjusting current digital copyright laws on ISP liability in general and China’s digital copyright reform in particular so as to balance the interests among copyright owners, intermediaries such as ISPs and internet users and establish certainty for ISP liability.

網路服務提供者；間接侵權責任；安全港；利益平衡

Internet Service Providers (ISPs); Indirect Infringing Liability; Safe Harbor; Balance of Interest