東亞區域政治的研究上，民族政治逐漸受到關注，即使是作為民主國家的日本，其民族政治亦面臨挑戰。本文試圖由「次國家民族政治」出發，解釋沖繩民族政治趨向政治化的歷史路徑的發展。現行的民族政治研究，發現弱小民族在長期的強權壓抑下，弱小民族往往走向體制外抗爭或是強化其保守傾向，結果助長國家衝突的可能性。然而，沖繩民族政治在歷經長期的外來政權壓制下，反而與國際倡議網路結盟，開啟了東亞次國家民族政治的開放面向。本文透過民族政治場域的遞移與複層次分析，解釋沖繩在第二次世界大戰以後的民族政治再度興起之歷程，並且透過沖繩民族政治行為者的運動策略選擇，來說明沖繩民族政治的國際層次轉向、理論意含，以及國家應採取的因應對策。

National politics is a topic that has incrementally drawn attention in the study of East Asian politics. Japan, as a mature democracy, has also faced unprecedented nationalistic challenges the past few years. This article provides a sub-national politics perspective to account for the politicization of Okinawan national politics. Mainstream nationalism studies suggest petty nations may be radical and inward-thinking which could lead to the rise of domestic conflicts. Okinawa, however, is a conspicuous case to demonstrate the potential opportunity for nationalist movements to transcend territorial disputes and deepen international linkages. By arena transition and multi-level analysis, this article reviews the historical path of Okinawan national politics, the strategic choices of sub-state nationalists of varied phases, and the theoretical implications. Policy suggestions for the national government to handle sub-state national politics are also provided.

沖繩; 沖繩民族主義; 美日同盟; 次國家民族政治; 反對運動

Okinawa; Okinawan nationalism; U.S.-Japan alliance; sub-state national politics; opposition movements