本文探討1961-1966年間尼赫魯逝世前後印度對華政策出現變動之際，中華 民國對印度的接觸、試探與爭取歷程。臺北當局開展對印度關係之目的，為運 用印度與中共之矛盾，一方面在未來反攻大陸戰場上對中共產生牽制作用，嘗試 於印度邊境推進西南敵後滲透工作，一方面增強外交形勢，爭取不結盟國家轉向 反共陣營，以確保聯合國中國代表權與中華民國政權合法性。臺印關係於即將開 展之初，即遭遇蘇聯與中共阻撓，美國亦不願介入。臺印層峰為與中共抗衡，皆 以軍事情報合作為重，利益有所交集。然而雙方基本立場差異懸殊，共同利益有 限，關係難有進展，過程曲折。本文運用中英文解密檔案，考察南亞大國關係及 戰略重整關鍵時刻，臺印互動所牽涉之複雜因素與結構性問題，為臺印關係發展 史、亞洲冷戰史補白，並重新加以詮釋。

This paper examines the Republic of China (ROC)’s exploratory contact with India during a period of wavering in India’s policy toward the People’s Republic of China (PRC), from 1961 to 1966, around the time of Jawaharlal Nehru’s death. The objectives of the ROC’s pursuit of improving relations with India were, firstly, to contain the PRC in ROC’s planned counterattack on the mainland, allowing infiltrations by the ROC forces behind enemy lines along the Indian-Chinese border. Secondly, the new relationship would strengthen the ROC’s diplomatic situation, attracting non-aligned countries to join the anti-communist camp, and ensure ROC’s Chinese representation in the United Nations and its regime legitimacy. ROC-India rapprochement encountered obstructions from the Soviet Union and the Chinese Communist Party from the very beginning, and the United States was unwilling to intervene. In order to compete with the PRC, the ROC highlighted its shared interest with India in military intelligence cooperation. However, the basic positions of the two countries were vastly different, and their mutual interests limited, making it difficult for their relationship to develop. The process of rapprochement was therefore tortuous and not fruitful. Drawing on declassified government documents in Chinese and English, this paper aims to probe the complex factors and structural issues involved in this diplomatic endeavor at a critical moment in major power relations and strategic reorganization in South Asia. Its findings shed new light on the history of Taiwan-India relations and on Cold War in Asia.

尼赫魯; 反共; 軍事情報合作; 反攻大陸; 聯合國中國代表權

Jawaharlal Nehru; Anti-communism; Return to the Mainland; military intelligence cooperation; Chinese Representation in the United Nations