共時平面; 漢語重動句; 動詞語義; 語義指向; 動後成分; 句法補語; 附加語; 篇章結構; 語用功能; 教學語法; Synchronic level; Verb-copying constructions in Chinese; Verb semantics; Semantic orientation; Post-verbal constituent; Syntactic complement; Adjunct; Discourse structure; Pragmatic function; Pedagogical grammar;