「批判」一詞對馬克思的理論體系而言，意義重大，它經常是馬克思著作之主或副標題。諸多馬克思學的學者以批判概念為主軸，將馬克思的整體理論系統分成宗教、哲學、政治、社會及經濟批判等面向。馬克思自稱批判為手段，該手段批揭露現存的舊世界，其目的是創造人之解放的共產主義新世界。馬克思自稱宗教批判是一切批判的前提。本論文提呈馬克思宗教批判的定位及方向，以馬克思宗教批判的內容印證該批判的定位。透過該內容的分析，說明宗教批判與社會主義之實踐之間的關係。這種關係是唯物史觀的世界觀。本論文並以不同的哲學立場分析並批判此一世界觀，陳述馬克思宗教批判的批判。

For Karl Marx, "critique", a term frequently appeared in his writings as titles or subheadings, occupies a core position in his entire theoretical system. In the eyes of many analysts in Marxism, "critique" is as significant as a category concept which has been used to partition Marx`s theories into religious, philosophical, political and economical domains. As claimed by Marx himself, critique is a mean to reveal the reality of old world so as to establish communist world where humans are emancipated. According to Marx, it is religious critique that proves adequate to be the premise of universal forms of critiques. In this article, the role and prospect of Marx`s critique of religion are presented in terms of interpretation and verification based on the contents of Marx's relevant writings. It illuminates relations between the critique of religion and the praxis of socialism, which is apparently generated from a worldview of historical materialism. The study is ended by presenting a critical analysis on the worldview, a critique of Marx's critique of religion, from a different philosophical perspective.

世界觀;共產主義;馬克思宗教批判;異化;唯物史觀

Marx's critique of religion; alienation; Communist; worldview; materialist view of history