大學與人類文明進程的關係，是向來備受矚目的政治、社會、文化議題。中 國人口眾多，中國大學的歷史沿革及未來走向，自是關切人類文明者所不會忽略 的重要課題。本文以錢穆對現代中國大學的沉思和建言為考察對象，是基於三個 理由：第一，錢穆是一位思想者兼行動者，他在中國教育界工作逾70 個年頭， 是現代中國大學的重要歷史見證人。第二，錢穆始終自覺地思考大學在現代文明 中的社會功能和價值，對現代中國大學的重要特徵作過深入考察。第三，錢穆留 下極為豐碩的文化及教育著作，藉由他的視角可以抉發出許多值得關注的面向。 本文的研究指出，錢穆是一位傳統中國文化價值的革新者，也是一位深具文化意 識的人文主義者。人文主義的教育可以概括錢穆的教育理想，也是他教育理念的 最後歸宿。本文勾勒錢穆對現代中國大學的批評，探討他提出的教育改革方案， 兼及他對文化主體性在現代中國的失落和重建，大學文科教育的地域性和世界性 面向之論述。本人相信對錢穆教育理念的探討，對當代中國人文意識的重建將提 供參考作用。

As an important political, social and cultural issue, the relationship between the universities and the development of human civilization always attracts scholars’ attention. Chinese scholars, who are concerned with and about humanist civilization, will certainly not ignore their universities and their future trend for China’s large population. There are three major reasons for studying such a prominent scholar as Qian Mu in this specific case. First, as a major thinker and a serious actionist, Qian had taught at various Chinese schools and universities for more than 70 years. He was a most important witness to the history of modern Chinese universities. Secondly, Qian always consciously thought about what social functions and values universities should possess and the role they should play in modern civilization. To do this, he had made a thorough investigation into institutional characteristics shared by modern Chinese universities. Thirdly, Qian left behind a rich legacy of writings on culture and education. His perspective here can surely help scholars to discover aspects that are worth of scholarly attention. While this research discovers Qian to be reformer of the traditional Chinese cultural value, he was also a humanist with a deep cultural awareness. His ideal of education is humaneness, which is also the essence of his educational philosophy. This study outlines Qian’s criticism of modern Chinese universities, besides an exploration of his proposed education reform programs through an investigation into his opinions about the reconstruction of the lost cultural identity in modern China and his discussion of the regional and global function of liberal arts education at universities. The author of this research believes that such an investigation into Qian’s educational philosophy will provide insight into and for a reconstructing of contemporary Chinese human consciousness.

錢穆; 大學; 文化; 人文主義

Qian Mu; universities; culture; humanism