19 世紀末興起的免疫學製劑，經由各國來華的醫生和政治力量傳入中國。 本文以日本統治下的滿洲為例，以機構和人事為核心，探究血清疫苗等免疫技術 在中國的發展歷程。結果發現，日本統治下的滿洲，自1906 年起開始要求或推 廣種痘，1911 年使用鼠疫血清疫苗，1918 年前後因國內外局勢變遷和日本傳染 病研究所移管事件後的人事和技術開放餘波，而加強對滿洲的衛生防疫政策，並 計劃在當地自製血清疫苗，而後於1925 年設立滿鐵獸疫研究所和滿鐵衛生研究 所，提供多種菌型的血清疫苗製劑。1932 年滿洲國成立後，因應戰爭期間的衛 生、產業和軍事安全需求，頒布更多的衛生法規、防疫計畫和建置相關機構，以 加強防疫。以上防疫政策的作為，除反映細菌學或血清疫苗等製劑在滿洲已發展 一段時間，背後的轉折也都與日本本土的局勢變化密切相關。此外，本文對日本 在滿洲設置免疫技術機構的探討，可做為研究近代醫學技術如何透過外國統治者 而在中國發展生根的一種案例或模式，亦可提供研究者探究相關議題時更多元的 研究視角。

Immunological products which appeared in the late 19th century were introduced into China via modern medical doctors and foreign political powers. This paper uses Manchuria under the Japanese rule as an example to explore how the relevant organizations and personnel introduced such products like serums and vaccines into China. It is found that during the Japanese rule, Manchuria started to request and to promote smallpox vaccination in 1906, and used plague serum and vaccine in 1911. Later, around 1918, Manchuria strengthened its health policies and established plans for homemade serums and vaccines. This was in part a response to great epidemics prevalent in the world, but also because of the availability of the technology of immunity to the market as a result of the transfer of the Infectious Diseases Institute’s authority under the Health Bureau of the Home Affairs Ministry to that under Tokyo University of the Education Ministry. This led in 1925 to the establishment of both “the Mukden Institute for Infectious Diseases of Animals” and “the Dairen Institute of Health”, which offered a variety of serum and vaccine formulations. After Manchukuo was established in 1932, hygiene regulations, antiepidemic programs and sanitary institutions were further set up so as to strengthen epidemic prevention and to meet the requirements of health, industrial and military security during the war. The above development of bacteriology and immunological

血清; 疫苗; 防疫; 南滿洲鐵道株式會社; 傳染病研究所

serum; vaccines; epidemic prevention; South Manchuria Railway Company; Institute of Infectious Diseases