本文主要以臺灣為中心，從二戰期間頒布的糧食政策、法規，討論立法的背 景與目的，以此角度切入，探討戰時臺灣糧食管理體制的建構過程，並從比較研 究的角度說明，這些法規在實施的時候，針對殖民地，分別又有哪些例外或相異 的規定，導致殖民地與殖民母國在戰時糧食管理體制上的差異性。此外，根據臺 灣米穀的生產量與消費量計算，釐清戰爭末期臺灣的米穀供需情況，是否足以應 付臺灣的消費需求。 1939年日本頒布「米穀配給統制法」，1940年臺灣總督府頒布「臨時措置要 綱」，宣布1940年的一期作米由總督府完全管理，開啟政府米穀總收購的濫觴。 1941年「臺灣米穀等應急措置令」頒布，臺灣總督府進而收購米穀以外的糧食及 其農產加工品，建立臺灣綜合性糧食政策，落實糧食總收購、總配給的構想。 1943年，臺灣因應日滿糧食自給的政策，透過綜合性糧食的配給，以節約島內米 穀消費，將米穀移往日本，發布「臺灣食糧管理令」並設立食糧營團，走上國家 糧食管理體制的一元化階段。整體而言，由於1939年糧食政策的轉變，臺灣戰時 國家糧食管理體制的建構，約從1940年前後開始。

This article discusses and compares the systems of food procurement and rationing in wartime Taiwan, Japan and Korea. During the Second World War, the government of Japan perceived the need to control resources when engaging in a total war, but they did not employ measures of food procurement and rationing at the beginning, because the government seemed to believe there was a surplus of food, particularly grains. In the autumn of 1939, Korea and west Japan had a short supply of rice due to natural disasters. The government of Japan began to take emergency measures of food procurement and rationing to solve the problem. Thereafter, these measures were enforced throughout Japan and Korea. These measures were enforced in Taiwan even earlier because more rice supply was demanded by Japan during the war. After the outbreak of the Pacific War, Japan introduced a new unified management system of food procurement and rationing. It was not enforced in Taiwan and Korea until 1943, when Japan suffered an acute shortage of food and demanded more rice to be shipped to Japan from the colonies.

戰時體制; 糧食管理; 統制配給

wartime Taiwan; World War II; state procurement; food rationing