冷戰時期，中華民國與韓國皆以反共意識作為統合國民意識的方法，並且兩 國都透過各種具體的法律，將反共意識形態「制度化」，建構反共體制。兩國將 對立的共產主義政權中共與北韓塑造為全國人民的「國民公敵」，不允許一般人 民與中共、北韓接觸，外交關係也以反共為基礎形成「反共同盟」。因此，筆者 認為可以將冷戰體制下的韓國與中華民國視為「反共共同體」。韓國華僑生活於 兩個「分裂國家」形成的「反共共同體」中，受到「祖國」及居住國的「雙重」 影響，使韓國華僑擁有「雙重」的反共經驗。由於兩國都制定反共相關法規作為 反共體制的基礎，因此觸犯到雙邊的反共法規時，使夾縫中的韓國華僑更深刻感 受到身處於「雙重」反共環境中。 因此，本文主要以冷戰時期韓國與中華民國形成「反共共同體」的情況下， 觸犯雙邊的反共法制之案例為中心，探討韓國華僑的「雙重」反共問題，並說 明此種「雙重」反共經驗對韓國華僑社會帶來的影響。本文的研究時期為1950- 1970年代，因為這時期是兩國反共體制最嚴密的時期；在資料的運用上，本文主 要使用中華民國外交部檔案。

During the Cold War period, both the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea forged their respective “national consciousness” by promoting anti- Communism. They institutionalized the anti-Communist ideology through enacting a series of laws and regulations, which constituted a system of anti-Communism. Both countries depicted their opponents, i.e., Communist China and North Korea, as “enemy of the people”. People in ROC and ROK were not allowed to make any contact with Communist China or North Korea. Moreover, ROC and ROK formed an alliance based on this anti-Communist ideology. In this study, ROC and ROK is viewed as a common anti-Communist Community. Overseas Chinese in South Korea lived in this anti-Communist Community of two divided countries and were simultaneously under the influences of their homeland and of their residence state. They thus had dual anti-Communist experiences. Since both ROC and ROK made laws about anti-Communism as the basis of their institutions, these overseas Chinese had a keen sense of their “double exposure” to an anti-Communist environment when they broke those laws. This paper explores the dual anti-Communist constraint on overseas Chinese in South Korea, and clarifies how those experiences impacted their communities, through examining cases in which people broke anti-Communist laws in either country. Under the anti-Communist alliance of the Cold War era they faced repercussions in both ROC and ROK. This study focuses on 1950s-1970s because it was the period during which anti-Communist institutions in the two countries were the most effective. Major sources used in this research came from the Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, ROC.

冷戰; 反共體制; 反共共同體; 反共法; 韓國華僑

Cold War; system of anti-Communism; anti-Communist Community; anti-Communist laws; overseas Chinese in Korea