過去學界對於戰時軍法審判的研究並不多見，這與史料闕如有很大關係，截 至目前為止，仍無法尋獲最核心的軍政部軍法司或軍法執行總監部等檔案；然而 從《國民政府檔案》、《蔣中正總統文物》、《戴笠史料》、《軍情局檔案》及 《國軍檔案》中，均能找到若干戰時軍法審理案卷。本文以1939年航空委員會主 任錢大鈞領取特別費案、1942年中央信託局經理林世良滇緬路走私案及劉士毅、 藍騰蛟盜賣棉紗案等3起國軍高層涉及貪污案件，嘗試從中釐清蔣中正在這些軍 法案件中的考量、指示與決斷外，也進一步探索蔣在執行這些重大軍法案件的決 策時，其決策體系與情報網絡是如何建立及運作？戰時重要國軍將領的報告、軍 法執行機構的初審判決、侍從室人員的建議及軍統局戴笠的情報等，都在蔣中正 所下的軍法判決中，發揮了一定的影響力，甚至這些案件皆與國民黨內的組織文 化與派系矛盾，有著盤根錯節的複雜關係。從戰時軍法審判的角度，蔣中正對於 軍法案件的指示，在法律的層面裡該如何看待？在戰爭的特殊情境下又該如何解 讀？蔣究竟是不是一個破壞體制的領導者？他對軍法審判的裁量標準，有沒有可 資依憑的尺度？只有釐清這些問題，才不至於過度誇大、或簡化最高統帥蔣中正 的角色，也才能對於抗戰時期的軍法審判，得出一個較為接近歷史原貌的輪廓。

In judging the military performance of the Chinese Army one immediately confronts a paradox. Chinese forces lost every major confrontation on the battle-field, yet they won the war. To understand this paradox fully, the gaze must be shifted from exclusively battle performance to the Nationalist political-military system. Nonetheless, there is value in focusing on the military trial framework of Nationalist China. The objective of this paper is to bring to scholarly attention military corruption constantly criticized throughout the war. By focusing on the cases of Chien Tachun, Lin Shih-liang, Liu Shih-yi and Lan Teng-chiao during 1939-1942, I will explore the role of Chiang Kai-shek in the wartime military trial system. Many sources suggest that Chiang, as Commander-in-Chief of the Chinese Army, often interfered in the process and outcome of military trials. Such apparent violations of institutional arrangement, however, should be understood in the context of the war. Despite Chiang’s seemingly habitual tendency to scold his subordinates and punish higher military officers, his criticisms usually accurately reflected the general state of affairs in the Army. Clearly, Chiang had attempted to eliminate the corruption, decrepitude, and disciplinary problems that were sapping the spirit of his forces. His personal direction of military trials represented one of those attempts. In the end none of Chiang’s remedies saved his army. His efforts to purge inept and corrupt subordinates were compromised, at least in part, by his belief that there were no capable people to take their places. His interventions also triggered factional strife and conflict of interest that sometimes made matters worse.

軍事委員會軍法執行總監部; 重慶國民政府; 軍法審判; 蔣中正; 何成濬

Directorate-General of Courts Martial; National Goverment in Chungking; military trial; Chiang Kai-shek; Ho Cheng-jun