本文討論過失犯刑事責任的歸責基礎，依本文之見，過失犯以損害的迴避可能性作為歸責前提，但迴避可能性有多重面向，不同面向的迴避可能性，具有不同意義與規範理由；多重面向的迴避可能性概念，共同形塑過失犯的不法與罪責非難內涵；而在判斷迴避可能性時，預見可能性提供了得否迴避的輔助觀察標準，具有預見可能性的結果才有辦法迴避，也才能促使行為人執行迴避損害措施，應對不同面向的迴避可能性，預見可能性也有多重表現方式。過失犯刑事責任正是以發生可得預見、從而可得迴避的損害為前提，其具體非難即在結果的迴避/預見可能性，而因這組概念有多重表現方式，這些態樣會展現在過失犯的不同審查要件，構成過失犯分置於不法、罪責階層的各類審查要素。

This article aims to discuss the theoretical justification of penal sanctions on negligent offenders. From the author’s view, a negligent criminal is to be punished due to illegally causing “avoidable” damage. However, the term “avoidability of damage” may be interpreted in different ways. In addition, the “foreseeability of damage” shall be regarded as a subordinate criterion to determine whether the damage is avoidable. The multiple meanings of “avoidance possibility” and “foreseeability” jointly build up the culpable nature of criminal negligence.

過失犯；迴避可能性；預見可能性；注意義務；相當因果關係

criminal negligence; avoidability of damage; foreseeability of damage; duty of care; adequate causality