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返回卷期清單 (8(1) / 2016 / 6)
8(1)
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2016 / 6
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pp. 101 - 134
前涼督護系列軍職與安定梁氏考——以〈梁舒墓表〉為中心的考察
A Study of the Series of Official Posts Called “Protector” (duhu督護) and the Liangs of Anding (安定梁氏) in the Former Liang: With a Focus on the “Liang Shu Grave Inscription”
92
58
作者
夏炎 Yan Xia *
(南開大學歷史學院暨中國社會史研究中心副教授 College of History and Key Research Institute of Social History of China Nan Kai University)
夏炎 Yan Xia *
南開大學歷史學院暨中國社會史研究中心副教授 College of History and Key Research Institute of Social History of China Nan Kai University
中文摘要

〈梁舒墓表〉中的信息有助於我們進一步釐清前涼歷史的某些發展脈絡。前涼督護系列軍職包括中督護、左督護、前鋒督護、督護等職，在軍事作戰中分工明確，該制度繼承於西晉，設置於前涼肇基的張軌、張寔時代，在前涼前期軍事作戰中發揮著重要作用，前涼督護系刊軍職在張寔時代之後被廢止，與將軍統兵制及都督統兵制的設立基本是前後相繼的，而這一軍事體制改革從一個側面反映了前涼政權王權化不斷強化的趨勢。從張軌、張寔時代中督護的實職性，再到涼末梁舒所任中督護的虛位性，這一轉變既體現出魏晉南北朝官號虛街化、位階化的時代特色，又從一種動態的變遷進程中重新發現了前涼政權的獨特性格。由梁舒與中督護的關聯，亦可以揭示安定梁氏在前涼前後期的發展脈絡與政治地位的沉浮。

英文摘要

Information in the “Liang Shu grave inscription” (〈梁舒墓表〉) can help us attain a better understanding of some aspects of the development of the Former Liang (ca. 301-376). There were a series of official posts called “Protector” (duhu 督護) in the army, including Central Protector (zhongduhu 中督護), Protector of the Left (zuoduhu 左督護), Protector of the Vanguard (qianfeng duhu 前鋒督護), and Protector (duhu 督護), and so on, which had a clear division of labor in the conduct of war. This system was inherited from the Western Jin Dynasty, and was set up in the early period of the Former Liang, when Zhang Gui (張軌, d. 314) and Zhang Shi (張寔, d. 320) were in power, and played an important role in the war at the beginning of the Former Liang. When the system of military leadership by Generals (jiangjun 將軍) and the system of leadership by Area Commanders (dudu 都督) were established, the series of official posts called Protector (duhu) was abolished, after the time of Zhang Shi. Furthermore the reform of this military system reflected the strengthening of the power of the sovereign in the Former Liang. The change of the Central Protector from actual office in the time of Zhang Gui to the symbolic title which was assigned to Liang Shu (梁舒) in the late Former Liang not only reflected the trend toward symbolic official titles in the Wei, Jin and Northern and Southern Dynasties but also reveals unique characteristics of the development of the Former Liang. By analyzing of the relationship between Liang Shu and the post of Central Protector, the process of development and the ups and downs of political positions of the Liangs of Anding (安定梁氏)in the Former Liang can be shown.

中文關鍵字

前涼；梁舒墓表；督護；安定梁氏

英文關鍵字

Former Liang; Liang Shu grave inscription; duhu; Liangs of Anding