1937年中日戰爭爆發後，蔣中正即在全國各地陸續成立十個戰區，並大致維 持至抗戰勝利止。其中，第三戰區位處東南菁華地區，抗戰八年期間皆由顧祝同 擔任第三戰區司令長官，也是該戰區內擁有最高軍政權力者。長久以來學術界幾 乎都將研究焦點放在以蔣中正為核心的最高統帥部，對於地方戰區殊少關注；然 而，自抗戰伊始即設立遍及全國的各戰區，其實具有同樣重要的歷史意義。 本文以抗戰時期第三戰區內數起將官任免的人事爭議，做為個案研究，共分 為兩個部分。首先，蔣中正曾兩次嘗試調動顧祝同司令長官的職務，臨發布前的 最後關頭，卻在人事問題上卡關，以致胎死腹中。第二部分運用1944年初顧祝同 欲調動轄下川系第二十三集團軍的兩位師長之職，此舉竟引發內部強烈反彈，一 四八師及一四四師上下動用各種抗爭手段強力阻撓，最終甚至演變成兵變事件。 從結果來看，此事無疑是戰時最嚴重的違紀事件之一。 造成這幾起人事案重重阻力的原因，以致嚴重傷害戰時國軍的組織運作，都 與民國時期人身政治的盛行，以及駐防部隊插足地方商業利益的糾葛密切相關； 且抗戰時期的人身政治絕非僅限於蔣中正一人，而是存在於當時國軍將領的一種 普遍現象。

Shortly after the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese war in1937, head of China’s National Military Council, Chiang Kai-shek, divided the country into ten War Zones and kept them to the end of war roughly. The Third War Zone, including Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui and Jiangxi provinces, took form in July, 1937, on the eve of Japanese invasion of Shanghai. Ku Chu-tung was its vice commander-in-chief. In law and fact, the military regions were the highest political-military organization in wartime China. Scholars have long focused their research on Chongqing's military leadership headed by Chiang Kai-shek. Few have studied the War Zones throughout the country. However, the War Zone system established since the beginning of the war is also of great contemporary and historical significance. The present article intends to amend this weakness in existing scholarship by examining a few cases of appointment and dismissal of generals in the Third War Zone in 1943-1944. First of all, Chiang Kai-shek twice attempted to transfer Ku Chu-tung away from the War Zone, yet both attempts were thwarted at the last moment. Moreover, the War Zone’s headquarters encountered fierce resistance, even mutinies and defections, in the process of removing the commanders of the 144th Division and 148th Division. The conflict was closely related to the prevalence of personalized politics during the Republican period and the commercial entanglement of troops in their stationed areas. These cases reveal that allowing personal connections to interfere in personnel decisions was by no means limited to Chiang Kai-shek; it was a widespread phenomenon in wartime China.

中日戰爭; 第三戰區; 顧祝同; 蔣中正; 潘左

The Second Sino-Japanese War; The Third War Zone; Ku Chu-tung; Chiang Kai-shek; Pan Zuo