本文旨在探討隨著政治體制從帝制走向共和，再加上西方史學的衝擊，民國 以後的史館到底呈現如何的面貌，乃從較為穩定發展的國史館籌備委員會著手， 並以該會總幹事朱希祖為線索，希望能對此問題有更多的認識。研究發現，該會 係由朱希祖於1939年初所撰〈請建立總檔案庫籌設國史館議〉一文間接催生。文 中一方面點出在中日戰爭背景下，需要藉由國史書寫以強化抗日精神，同時主張 國史和黨史要有所分別；另一方面則關照到學界在西方史學影響下已知設立檔案 庫的重要性，故符合時代及學術的雙重需要。在黨史會擬轉型為國史史料機關不 成後，藉由「國史」名義蒐集戰時褒揚人物事蹟，凝聚國族意識的必要性更形凸 顯，籌委會乃於1939年底通過設立。在朱希祖的規劃下，籌備檔案庫成為該會工 作的一部分；人才進用方面則相對強調專業性和學術性；在史館制度設計上，亦 以配合當前國家體制為考量。故此一時期的史館，不僅多了民族國家的色彩，更 在朱氏的推動下，有了西方國家檔案館的角色，且試圖朝向專業化發展。

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how the state-funded National History Institution of China evolved as the country moved from a monarchy to a republic and the influence of Western historiography arrived. The office for compiling Official History began to develop steadily after the Preparatory Committee for National History Institute was established in 1939. Therefore, this article attempts to analyze the growth of this Committee with a particular focus on the Committee’s crucial figure, Director-General Zhu Xizu. The study finds that the initial idea of founding the Committee was inspired by Zhu's article, ‘The Proposal for Establishing National Archives and National History Institute,’ written in early 1939. In the article, Zhu advocated that it is necessary to strengthen the wartime spirit of resistance to Japan through the writing of national history, and that the history of the country should be separated from the history of the (Nationalist) Party. In addition, Zhu argued, such efforts would well reflect China’s increasing recognition, influenced by Western historiography, of the importance of archival preservation. The need to preserve the records of citizens who received the government's Honors and Awards in wartime, and to enhance national identity and consciousness, became a more urgent issue when the attempt to transform the Party’s History Council into a state-owned agency failed. In response, at the end of 1939, the formation of the Preparatory Committee for National History Institute was approved. Under Zhu’s planning, the project of archives preparation became part of the Committee’s mission. The Committee also recruited talents, to be employed by the project, with a relative emphasis on professional and academic criteria. Lastly, the design of National History Institute was brought in line with the system of a modern state. As a result of these measures, the National History Institute had distinguished itself from the country’s traditional Official History offices. It not only reflected the character of the modern nation-state, but to some extent functioned like national archives in the western countries. It also tried to move towards specialization.

國史館籌備委員會; 檔案總庫; 朱希祖; 張繼; 但燾

Preparatory Committee of National History Institution, National Archives, Zhu Xi-zu, Zhang Ji, Dan Tao