海軍是高度專業技術的軍種，由各國海軍發展的經驗顯示，透過教育訓練將 經驗和知識有效傳承以維繫傳統，對於海軍建軍發展非常重要。歷史上，海軍叛 變事件相當罕見，故以個案研究探討崇尚傳統的海軍叛變原因，遂成為海軍歷史 與管理研究上的重要議題。1949年中華民國海軍發生多起艦艇叛變事件，多數人 將之與當時中央主事者與閩系之間的人事恩怨互相連結，形成以「派系矛盾」為 主軸的解釋架構。在當時的時空背景以及後來兩岸分治的情形下，相關內情無法 考證，幸因近年來許多新史料出現，得以呈現事件當時的原始資料與現場經驗。 本文透過蒐集兩岸不同觀點的史料，藉由文獻檢視與統計，探討在當時國共內戰 背景下，「起義」或「叛逃」不同觀點的實情。發現影響當時海軍叛變的原因非 常複雜，傳統上的軍官集團間派系鬥爭的解讀並非充分條件，甚至可能不是主要 因素；透過本文的海軍艦艇叛變之個案分析，或可提供兩岸以更寬闊的視野來看 待內戰歷史。

The Navy is a highly professional military branch. It is very important for the Navy to emphasize education and training so that experience and tacit knowledge can be successfully passed on and thus maintaining its tradition. This has been the case of the Navy in many countries. Therefore, exploring the causes behind cases of Navy mutiny, which were very rare, becomes especially interesting in the study of Navy history and managerial practices. In the whole year of 1949, during the final months of the Chinese civil war, there were many cases of the Nationalist government’s naval ships defecting to the Communist side. Previous studies have suggested that those defections were caused by factional conflict between the Nationalist government and the Min (Fukien) Faction that dominated the Navy. However, this widely accepted “factional” explanation is not based on solid evidences or comprehensive inquiry. In recent years a large number of government documents were release by the Republic of China and biographies of the leaders of 1949 Navy mutiny were published. These new materials provide eye-witness accounts as well as first-hand data regarding the factors behind those mutinies. This article collects these new materials and examines the participants’ statements for an analysis of the causes. The results of the investigation indicate that reasons behind the 1949 Navy mutiny were very complex, rather than one single factor. While many of those statements do not deny the relevance of factional struggle, the latter was neither the only nor a sufficient explanation. By conducting case studies, this article shows the need for a broader and more open-minded perspectives in studying historical events during the Chinese civil war.

海軍史; 閩系; 1949海軍叛變; 國共內戰

History of Navy; Ming Faction; 1949 Navy Mutiny; Chinese Civil War