自行車為戰後臺灣廣義機械業中較早興起的產業，生產過程是由諸多工廠製 造零件後，再進入中心工廠裝配。本文以1950年代臺灣自行車產業的中心工廠為 例進行企業史的討論，經由對企業的成長與營運之困境進行考察，以釐清進口替 代階段生產部門的發展歷程。 政府的推動自行車產業政策，創造出中心工廠的生產者，試圖滿足國內的消 費者需求。從供給面來看，臺灣進口替代工業化創造出的數項產業，在發展短暫 數年間即需面對市場狹小問題。作為中心工廠的數家自行車公司，除要面對國內 的市場競爭外，又加上品質無法提升、企業金融渠道不夠順暢和機車產業興起等 種種條件，成為企業陷入經營困境的重要原因。 另一方面，臺灣自行車產業發展初期，中心工廠還需面對地下工廠的競爭。 由於中心與地下工廠的品質差異不大，且地下工廠存在價格低廉的優勢，作為市 場需求方的消費者，在中心與地下工廠兩者間品質相近時，固然會購買價格較低 的地下工廠製品，進而影響到中心工廠的銷路，但政府容許地下工廠的存在，也 使得政府扶植中心工廠初期所提供的國內市場保障大打折扣。 關鍵

Among general machinery-related industries, the bicycle industry emerged early in post-World War II Taiwan. It entailed a production process with many factories manufacturing different bicycle parts, and an assembling operation at the so-called “central factories.” This study examined the history of Taiwan’s bicycle companies by investigating the “central factories” in the 1950s. By exploring the difficulties encountered by these companies in their growth and operations, this study tries to delineate the developmental history of production department during the import substitution stage of industrialization. The Taiwanese government promulgated policies for the bicycle industry to create central factories with the intention of meeting domestic consumer demand. From a supply perspective, Taiwan’s import substitution industrialization gave birth to several industries. However, these industries encountered the problems of a limited market only a few years after their inception. As central factories, numerous bicycles companies were faced with domestic market competition as well as obstacles such as their inability to improve quality, insufficient financial channels, and the rise of the scooter industry, all of which led to operational difficulties experienced by these companies. Additionally, central factories in Taiwan were confronted with competition from underground factories during the early years of bicycle industry. Due to a similar quality of bicycles produced by central factories and by underground factories, and lower prices charged by underground factories, consumers inevitably chose to purchase the latter product. This seriously affected bicycle sales by central factories. In allowing the existence of underground factories, therefore, the Taiwanese government in effect stripped the central factories of the protection of a “guaranteed” domestic market during this period.

自行車; 組裝性產業; 中心工廠; 企業史; 產業政策

Bicycle; Assembly Industry; Central Factory; Businiess History; Industrial Policy