本文旨在探討「臺灣棄留議」在清朝政府內部的議政過程，並分析其運作方 式及政治意義。1683（康熙22）年清朝軍隊擊敗鄭氏集團、控制臺澎地區後，展 開是否統治臺灣的討論，是為「臺灣棄留議」。「臺灣棄留議」作為臺灣與清政 權的第一個具體交會點，深切地影響著我們對清代臺灣史的理解模式。過往學界 主要根據征臺將領施琅的《靖海紀事》，強調施琅留臺意見的重要性以及朝廷的 不作為。然而，起居注的紀錄提供一幅相當不同的歷史圖像：早於施琅奏陳留臺 意見前，朝廷已決定統治臺灣。《靖海紀事》與起居注敘述的差異，使我們有必 要重新思考臺灣棄留議的政治過程及其歷史意義。 本文根據起居注等廷議紀錄，重新建構「臺灣棄留議」的政治過程。首先指 出，康熙皇帝積極地掌握臺灣議題的議政節奏，而非被動受到施琅影響。接著， 透過分析參與者的身分與層級，說明因北京政治脈絡與滿、漢族群考量，使得議 政朝向「共識」的方向發展。由此注意到，滿人高級官員明珠積極地運用臺灣議 題為自身創造政治機會、拓展人脈，很可能是議政過程的幕後推手；而施琅則在 朝廷的指導下，完善了棄留議的共識過程。最後，本文注意到不同群體對於臺灣 棄留過程存在著迥異的歷史敘事，而我們今日的普遍認知實則源自施琅一派在清 初臺灣社會發展出來的說法。

This article explores the evolution of Qing government’s debate on whether Taiwan should be incorporated into the empire, and analyzes the management of that debate as well as its political significance. The Qing government started the debate after its army defeated the Zheng Family and took over the Pescadores and Taiwan in 1683. The debate lasted for some time and eventually led to the beginning of Qing rule over Taiwan. It was thus a pivotal point in Taiwan’s history during the Qing period. To this date the dominant narrative of this event has been built upon Jinghai jishi （靖海紀事）written by the Qing general Shi Lang （施琅）, which highlights the important role Shi Lang played in the decision-making process while portraying the Qing court as doing little regarding the Taiwan issue. However, another historical evidence, namely Qijuzhu（起居注）or the diaries of imperial actions and speeches, showed a very different picture. According to the latter, the Qing court had decided to retain Taiwan before Shi Lang first proposed such a move. It is therefore necessary to clarify the stances took by various factions at the Qing court that helped shape this critical decision. This study utilizes Qijuzhu and the records of discussions at the Qing court in reconstructing the political process leading to Taiwan’s retention by the Qing. Firstly, upon careful examination, the materials seem to indicate that Kangxi Emperor was actively controlling the agenda of the debate rather than passively influenced by Shi Lang’s opinion. This historical image contradicts the present narrative regarding Taiwan’s retention by the Qing. Secondly, by examining the social class-es and identities of the participants in the debate, the study demonstrates how the political structure had been shifting since the Qing conquest of China. As ethnic relations between Manchu and Han became a major concern during Kangxi’s reign, the court’s decision-making process started to favor a consensus of the two main ethnic groups in order to present a unified position of the Qing court. The study further notices that the Manchu high official Ming Zhu（明珠）was aggressive in the Taiwan discussions and fully utilized the debate to create his own political benefit, thus extending his personal social network. This suggests the possibility of Ming Zhu being a key figure behind the scene. Shi Lang’s report on the retention of Taiwan was but one factor in producing a “consensus” of Qing court at the time. After the debate, however, various historical narratives of the event emerged, and among them only Shi Lang’s viewpoint became the source of a common description today.

施琅; 明珠; 康熙皇帝; 領土; 臺灣

Shi Lang; Ming Zhu; Kangxi Emperor; territory; Taiwan